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SS8H10 Georgia’s Growth: 1945 to 1970 © 2015 Brain Wrinkles.

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Presentation on theme: "SS8H10 Georgia’s Growth: 1945 to 1970 © 2015 Brain Wrinkles."— Presentation transcript:

1 SS8H10 Georgia’s Growth: 1945 to 1970 © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

2 SS8H10 Evaluate key post-World War II developments in Georgia.
Standards SS8H10 Evaluate key post-World War II developments in Georgia. a. Explain how technology transformed agriculture and created a population shift within the state. b. Explain how the development of Atlanta under mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr. impacted the state. c. Describe the relationship between the end of the white primary and the 1946 governor’s race. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

3 SS8H10 Georgia’s Growth: 1945 to 1970 © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

4 Agriculture Changes Agriculture remained an important industry for Georgia, even though it was transformed significantly after World War II. New technology like tractors and processors helped farmers plant and harvest quicker and more efficiently. Roosevelt’s New Deal and the wartime demand for crops finally gave farmers the financial motive to diversify their crops. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

5 New Farm Equipment in the 1940s © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

6 Agriculture Changes Cotton was no longer the main source of Georgia’s agricultural income, as other crops like peanuts and pecans became increasingly important. Many farmers reduced the amount of crops they grew and turned to raising livestock and poultry. In 1945, Georgia had about 226,000 farms, but by 1969 the state had fewer than 67,000 (although they were larger in size). © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

7 Agriculture Changes Cotton was no longer the main source of Georgia’s agricultural income, as other crops like peanuts and pecans became increasingly important. Many farmers reduced the amount of crops they grew and turned to raising livestock and poultry. In 1945, Georgia had about 226,000 farms, but by 1969 the state had fewer than 67,000 (although they were larger in size). © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

8 © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

9 Growth of Cities With the shrinking farm sizes and introduction of new farm machines, the need for tenant farmers was reduced. Thousands of displaced farm workers left the rural farmlands and moved to Georgia’s cities looking for work. This new manpower, coupled with the explosion of industry, caused Georgia’s cities to grow tremendously. By the 1950s, more Georgians worked in industry and manufacturing jobs than worked on the farms. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

10 Atlanta New factories opening in the area, like Ford Motors, General Motors, and Lockheed, brought more and more people into Atlanta. People were also able to find jobs in Atlanta’s services industries (like finance and insurance). In 1952, Atlanta grew by over 100,000 new residents when it annexed over 80 miles formerly outside of the city. Atlanta also thrived due to progressive majors who saw the city’s potential. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

11 Atlanta 1950 © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

12 William Hartsfield William Hartsfield served 6 terms as mayor until retiring in 1961. In the 1920s, he saw the potential for Atlanta as an aviation hub and played a major role in transforming an old speedway into Candler Field, the city’s first airport. Eventually, the airport grew to be the busiest in the country and made Atlanta a major hub for US and international travel. Hartsfield was nicknamed, “the Father of Atlanta Aviation”, and the city renamed the airport after him in 1971. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

13 William Hartsfield © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

14 Mayor William Hartsfield Overseeing Airport Construction
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15 William Hartsfield Hartsfield was also progressive when it came to race relations within the city. He built a coalition of white businessmen and key African American leaders who worked to deal with racial issues and integration in peaceful ways. Hartsfield wanted Atlanta to avoid racial conflicts so that it could do well economically. Atlanta’s population grew significantly while he was mayor. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

16 Ivan Allen, Jr. Ivan Allen, Jr. succeeded William Hartsfield as Atlanta’s major in 1961. On Allen’s first day in office, he ordered city offices to desegregate and removed the “colored” and “white” signs from city hall. He also gave African American policemen the authority to arrest whites, not just other blacks. Allen’s Forward Atlanta program led the city through economic prosperity and development. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

17 Ivan Allen, Jr. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

18 Ivan Allen, Jr. Allen had great visions for the city and one of his plans was making Atlanta the South’s center for professional sports. He brought in three of Atlanta’s professional sports franchises: Braves baseball, Falcons football, and Hawks basketball. Allen led the way in securing a new stadium that eventually became Fulton County Stadium. Before it closed in 1996, four World Series were played there. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

19 Mayor Allen during Fulton County Stadium Construction, 1964
© 2015 Brain Wrinkles

20 Ellis Arnall Ellis Arnall upset the powerful Eugene Talmadge to become Georgia’s governor in 1942. Arnall was much more progressive than Talmadge; he supported a number of measures to help African Americans (like ending the poll tax). He promised a “people’s administration,” where public officials honored the citizens’ desires. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

21 Governor Ellis Arnall © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

22 Ellis Arnall Arnall was responsible for many important reforms, such as lowering the voting age to 18, revising the state constitution, and paying off state debt. He also improved Georgia’s prison system by getting rid of abusive practices like chain gangs and whippings. Arnall’s top priority was education, and he quickly restored accreditation to the state university system that Talmadge has previously taken away. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

23 Ellis Arnall Arnall served as Georgia’s governor from 1942 to 1947, and is remembered as one of Georgia’s most open-minded, effective governors. He built a reputation as an efficient and honest politician, and many throughout the country admired him for the job he did in Georgia. Arnall made a huge impact on Georgia’s national image; changing it from a poor, rural state to one of the most progressive states in the South. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

24 White Primaries The white primary was used by Southern whites to keep African-Americans or Blacks from voting in the Democratic primary. Due to the fact that Georgia was a one-party state at the time. The Democratic primary was essentially the election, thus keeping African-Americans or Blacks from truly voting. In 1944, several African-Americans or Blacks, led by Dr. Thomas Brewer and Primus E. King, a barber and minister, attempted to vote in the white primary in Columbus, Georgia. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

25 White Primaries King was told that he could not vote and was forcefully removed from the court house. In 1945, Brewer, King, and several other African-Americans or Blacks sued the state. In the court case King v. Chapman et al., the federal district court ruled in favor of King and said the white primary was unconstitutional. Governor Ellis Arnall, did not fight the ruling and the white primary ended in Georgia. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

26 White Primaries © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

27 Three Governors Race One of the more embarrassing episodes in Georgia’s history was the 1946 governor’s race, also known as the “Three Governors Controversy.” This episode made Georgia a nationwide laughing stock. More importantly, this election led to a series of segregationist governors who ended some of the progressive reforms made by Governor Ellis Arnall. As the name implies, after the 1946 election three men claimed the governor’s office. Initially, Eugene Talmadge was elected for his fourth term. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

28 Three Governors Race However, he died before taking office. Many of Eugene Talmadge’s supporters believed that, due to his poor health, he may die before he could be sworn in as governor. They discovered that, based on past Georgia law, the General Assembly would have the power to select the second or third leading vote-getter if the governor-elect died before taking office. With this in mind, many secretly wrote in Herman Talmadge for governor. However, the new Georgia Constitution stated that the lieutenant governor would take office if the governor died. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

29 Three Governors Race In the 1946 election, Melvin Thompson, who was a member of the anti-Talmadge faction of the Democratic Party, was elected lieutenant governor and claimed the office for himself upon Talmadge’s death. Nonetheless, in January of 1947, the General Assembly selected Herman Talmadge as governor. During the same time, the outgoing governor, Ellis Arnall, refused to relinquish the office until the issue was resolved as he believed that the General Assembly did not have the authority to elect a governor. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

30 Governor Melvin Thompson
© 2015 Brain Wrinkles

31 Three Governors Race Due to Arnall’s affiliation with the anti-Talmadge Democrats, physical altercations resulted with some of Talmadge’s followers. Talmadge eventually had state troopers escort Arnall out of the State Capitol and changed the locks of the governor’s office. Arnall, in turn, refused to give up the governor’s seal and set up a second “governor’s office” in a different location of the State Capitol. Arnall finally gave up his claim to the governorship and supported Thompson. In the end, the Georgia Supreme Court ruled that Thompson was the rightful governor and Talmadge left the governor’s office within two hours of the ruling. A special election was called in 1948 and Herman Talmadge closely defeated Thompson. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

32 Three Governors Race Arnall finally gave up his claim to the governorship and supported Thompson. In the end, the Georgia Supreme Court ruled that Thompson was the rightful governor. Talmadge left the governor’s office within two hours of the ruling. A special election was called in 1948 and Herman Talmadge closely defeated Thompson. © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

33 Governor Herman Talmadge
© 2015 Brain Wrinkles

34 Thank You! Ansley at Brain Wrinkles
Thank you so much for downloading this file. I sincerely hope you find it helpful and that your students learn a lot from it! I look forward to reading your feedback in my store. If you like this file, you might want to check out some of my other products that teach social studies topics in creative, engaging, and hands-on ways. Best of luck to you this school year, Ansley at Brain Wrinkles © 2015 Brain Wrinkles

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