EFCOG Task: SC-18-02 – Draft Fuel Oil and Lubricant CGD Whitepaper Presented by: Mr. John R. Hendricks, P.E.,MS, MBA Curtiss Wright Nuclear

Objectives Ensure that commercial grade oil and grease lubricants are selected, purchased, and used in safety-related equipment will not degrade the safety or the qualification of the system/assembly in which they are installed.

Oil and Grease Properties Oils Greases Prevent metal/metal contact X Act as a hydraulic medium   Act as a coolant Carry away contaminants Protect against wear Protect against corrosion Protect against deposits Remain in place

GREASE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS The function of grease is to remain in contact with and lubricate moving surfaces without leaking. Grease must maintain its properties under shear at all temperatures.

OIL FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS The function of oil is to remain in contact with and lubricate moving surfaces to reduce friction heat buildup and wear. Lubricants protect against rust, corrosion, and deal with contaminants. It must function across the operating range including temperature and pressure conditions.

OIL FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS, continue Oil additives improve the lubricant performance Without additives many oils become contaminated, break down, leak or not protect engine parts at all operating temperatures. Some additives permit lubricants to perform better under severe conditions, such as extreme pressure and temperatures and high levels of contamination.

SAFETY FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS - Grease Lubricate various components to ensure safety related equipment will operate as required by reducing friction between two surfaces in motion. Rated for specific application for the parent equipment. Grease must perform within the temperature limits or applications of the parent equipment.

SAFETY FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS – Engine/motor Oil Provide a barrier between moving parts to reduce friction, heat buildup and wear. Disperse heat. Absorb and suspend dirt and other particles. Dirt and carbon particles need to be carried by oil to the oil filter where they can be trapped and removed. Stay fluid in cold weather; yet remain thick enough to offer engine protection in hot weather.

SAFETY FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS – Refrigeration and Compressor Oil Solubility to assist in good oil return to the compressor. Chemical stability Thermal stability Wax free and acid free content to prevent separation of wax from the oil mixture Proper viscosity, even when diluted with refrigerant, Contamination free to prevent scarring of bearing surfaces.

SAFETY FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS – Gear Lubricant Oil Lubricate fans, pumps and other heavy duty applications. Viscosity levels are much higher to account for high or extreme pressure during service. Mixed with additives to increase resistance to breakdowns under high temperature and pressure.

CCA*: GREASE [ page 1 of 3] Worked Penetration Worked penetration testing is defined in ASTM standard Method D 217 or ASTM D1403 as an alternate. This test is used to establish consistency as determined by the original design or manufacture. The results of the test determine if the lubricating grease meets the required consistency. CCA*: CRITICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR ACCEPTANCE

CCA: GREASE [ page 2 of 3] Dropping point This determines the temperature when the lubricating grease passes from a semi-solid to a liquid state indicating the type of thickener used and a measure of the cohesiveness of the oil and thickener of grease. Dropping point is applicable only to grease that contain soap thickeners. Greases with other thickeners like synthetic types of grease do not change state. Dropping point testing is defined in ASTM standard Method D 566 and ASTM D2265.

Product identification & Color CCA: GREASE [ page 3 of 3] Product identification & Color Product identification and color together provide reasonable assurance that the formulation is what was procured.

CCA: OIL [ page 1 of 4] Pour point - Oil Temperature at which a liquid becomes semisolid and loses its flowing characteristics. Is not considered a CCA, as temperature range for most safety related oils do not approach the pour point.

CCA: OIL [ page 2 of 4] Flash Point Testing is described in ASTM D92, This test determine whether the lubricant meets design requirements & perform as required. Indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material, a low flash point can indicate gasoline contamination. The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.

CCA: OIL [ page 3 of 4] Purity Levels of purity are levels of contaminants or absence of contamination. Initially a visual inspection is conducted to verify the oil is bright and clear and there is no water. Pending that inspection, a sediment test per ASTM D1233 should be conducted to quantify the percentage of water or sediment. This test determines if the lubricant meets design requirements.

CCA: OIL [ page 4 of 4] Additive Packages Base oil is always blended with additives to help provide a more complete package of engine protection, including synthetic oils. Measuring neutralization number provides reasonable assurance that the additive are present or not present. The characteristic of being free from contaminants is also essential to the oil’s performance. Additives are tested to ASTM D974, “and/or ASTM D664, which determine which additives are present and if it’s met design requirements. Zinc weight percentage is also required to be verified by spectroscopic exam. This test determines if it will meet design requirements.

Radiation effects on oil and grease Levels Acceptable Effects on Oil Effects on Grease <10E6 rads No unusual problems 10E6–10E7 rads Indeterminate Things begin to happen; some turbine oils borderline Things begin to happen; some greases borderline 10E7–10E8 rads Most oils usable; some marginal Most high-quality products usable; others not 10E8–10E9 rads Risky The best oils usable; most become unusable Most greases unusable 1E09–1E010 rads Only special products will work Special products required >10E10 rads No oil usable No grease usable

Temperature effects on oil and grease Temperature thresholds exist for many lubricants. Up to a certain level, thermal effects are relatively minor but, above that threshold, stress can become increasingly large. Thermal have an effect of shortening the useful life of the lubricant up to a catastrophic event. Example of thermal effect are shown in the following approximation: Operating Temperature Relubricated every (Months) 93C (200F) 36 104C (220F) 18 121C (250F) 9

Additional Information Diesel Fuel Oil Diesel fuel” is generic; it refers to any fuel for a compression ignition engine. Follow the manufacture recommendations when available. ASTM D975 is not specific to any one diesel engine type or fuel system. A diesel characteristic that is essential for some might be unnecessary or even undesirable for others. Fuel oil maintenance is not addressed by this document.

Additional Opinion on Diesel Fuel Oil Jerry Lipsky, DOE-SR Chief Engineer, May 24 2018 SSO Workshop, “ Considerations for Selection and Testing of Attributes Affecting Diesel Fuel Quality in Safety Applications At SRS, I am advocating that: Before adding new fuel oil to the credited fuel oil supply tanks, onsite samples of the new fuel oil should be taken. As a minimum, before the new fuel can be used in a SC/SS application, tests for the following properties shall be conducted: specific or API gravity water and sediment or clear and bright with proper color viscosity, and flash point

Conclusion - Required Test CC Grease Oil Page 1 of 3 Method Method   Product Name Visual Visual Batch Identification Visual, material control Visual, material control Operating temperature Operating temperature Color{ compare original product} Appearance {clear-bright*} Odor {compare original product} Odor {compare original product} Feel {buttery} Feel {slippery} Thickener Color ASTM D1500

Conclusion - Test Method CC Grease Oil Page 2 of 3 Method Method  Worked Penetration ASTM D1403/D217 {Cone Penetration}   Dropping Point ASTM D566/D2265 Viscosity, Kinematic 100F* ASTM D445/D88 Contaminants/Purity* Visual or ASTM D4006 &473, industrial oil Visual, ASTM D1233 motor oil

Conclusion - Test Method CC Oil Page 3 of 3 Method Flash Point* ASTM D92 Additives/Neutralization- ASTM D664/D974, industrial ACID oil ASTM D2896/D4739- motor/engine oil Zinc wt. % or PPM Spectroscopic API gravity* ASTM D-287 Diesel Emergency Power Supplies per NRC Reg Guide 1.137 Note*: Same characteristics as Jerry Lipsky May 24, 2018 presentation

www.cwnuclear.com Mr. John R. Hendricks, P.E.,MS,MBA Chief Engineer EQ Curtiss Wright Nuclear Division 910-690-6771 jhendricks@curtisswright.com www.cwnuclear.com