Use the source and your knowledge to describe the problems of law enforcement in the 18th century.

In 1663 the City of London finally began to employ- paid watchmen to guard the streets at night. They were later nicknamed 'Charlies', probably after the reigning monarch, Charles II. The pay was so poor that only men too old or decrepit to do any other work would do the job. 1762 Chester was allowed to employ and pay watchmen. By 1806 eighteen men were employed in this duty, and of these one was over sixty-nine years old, and eleven were 'old soldiers'.

Were the Bow Street Runners the first professional police force? MUST: be able to describe the difference between the Bow Street Runners and the methods of enforcement that preceded them. SHOULD: be able to explain why law enforcement needed to be reformed and decide whether the BS’s met that need COULD: be able to assess the standard of law enforcement in London in the 18th C and explain the positives and negatives of the BSR’s.

WWW I have: Described the picture Used information from the picture to form my opinion Used knowledge of the time (context) in my answer Explained how the picture links with my knowledge Explained other issues not in the picture which may relate to the question Summarised my thoughts in a conclusion

Statement The message of this cartoon is that people were disrespectful of the night-watchmen and constables. Detail In the picture we can see a group of rich people pushing over a night-watchman in his sentry box. Interpretation This shows that rich people regarded themselves as being above the law and saw night-watchmen as below them. Context In the 18th century the rich were in control of the law making process and often paid people from the lower classes to do their duty. The rich also created laws which only protected their own interests. As a result many laws were aimed at stopping poor people from challenging the social order. Conclusion The message of the cartoon is that the rich had little regard for the law and saw watchmen as figures of fun who existed only to protect their property and status.

The failures of crime prevention according to Henry Fielding: Too many people coming to London expecting an easy life Corruption in the government People were choosing crime rather than hard work The constables were mostly useless - only 6 out of 80 were worth keeping on.

Constables and watchmen Bow Street Runners Modern Police Developed from 15th C onwards Created in 1748 Funded for first 18 months Based at Bow Street Magistrates Court-London Created and led by Henry and John Fielding- magistrates Served writs and summonses and arrested fugitives Secretly funded by government Not popular with the public Created in 1829

Why was the creation of the Bow Street Runners a turning point in law enforcement?

The Fielding brothers patrols (Bow Street Runners) were more trusted than the corrupt thief takers system. By 1828 the patrols had grown to include armed officers who patrolled the highways into London. The Bow Street Runners still used an entrepreneurial system which could lead to corruption. By the 1820s there were demands that other areas of London should establish their own patrols based on the Bow Street Runners