ORGANIC REACTIONS

1. Combustion or Oxidation Oxidation- loss of electrons. Substance is oxidized when it gains an oxygen or loses a hydrogen. Reduction- gain of electrons. Substance is reduced when it loses oxygen or gains a hydrogen.

LEO, the lion, goes GER

2. Fermentation Anaerobic respiration Production of alcohol and CO2 from a sugar

3. Substitution Reactions One or more atoms replace an atom or group of atoms in a molecule. a. General substitution with a halide b. Alkyl halide-Alcohol Reaction c. Alkyl halide-Ammonia Reaction

4. Addition Reactions Other atoms bond to each of 2 atoms bonded by double or triple bonds. Goes from unsaturated to saturated. Breaks double bonds a. Hydrogenation b. Halogenation c. Hydration

5. Elimination Reactions Form double bonds from single bonds. A combinations of atoms is removed from 2 adjacent carbon atoms. Eliminated atoms usually from stable compounds such as H2, H2O, or HCl a. Dehydrogenation b. Elimination of Halogen from Alkyl halide

c. Dehydration Reaction

6. Condensation Reactions 2 smaller organic molecules combine to form a more complex molecule, accompanied by loss of a small molecule such as water. Actually an elimination reaction , but bond is formed between 2 atoms not previously bonded to one another.

Condensation Reactions a. Esterification b. Saponification

7. Polymerization Formation of a large molecule (polymer) from smaller molecules (monomers) a. Addition polymerization b. Condensation polymerization