Mechanisms responsible for cell volume regulation during hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest Xiwu Sun, MD, PhD, Christopher T Ducko, MD, Eric M Hoenicke,

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Mechanisms responsible for cell volume regulation during hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest Xiwu Sun, MD, PhD, Christopher T Ducko, MD, Eric M Hoenicke, MD, Karen Reigle, Ralph J Damiano, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 70, Issue 2, Pages 633-638 (August 2000) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01403-X

Fig 1 Relative cell volume changes of rabbit ventricular myocytes during 20 minutes in 9°C St. Thomas’ solution and 9°C Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution perfusion, and reperfusion in 37°C Krebs-Henseleit solution. Volumes are normalized by the initial volume in 37°C Krebs-Henseleit solution (the first three circles). Myocyte swelled in 9°C St. Thomas’ solution and shrank to less than their initial volume on reperfusion in Krebs-Henseleit solution (n = 8). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, respectively, versus the initial volume. Hypothermic and reperfusion in Krebs-Henseleit solution did not affect the cell volume (n = 10). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 633-638DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01403-X)

Fig 2 Relative cell volume change of rabbit ventricular myocytes during 20 minutes in 9°C low Cl− St. Thomas’ solution perfusion and reperfusion with 37°C Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution. Volumes are normalized by the initial volume perfused in 37°C Krebs-Henseleit solution. (A) Ventricular myocytes swelled during 9°C mid-Cl− St. Thomas’ ([K+][Cl−] = 1500 mmol/L2) perfusion, and shrank to less than the initial volume during reperfusion with 37°C Krebs-Henseleit solution (n = 8). (B) Rabbit ventricular myocytes swelling and shrinkage during 9°C low Cl− St. Thomas’ ([K+][Cl−] = 700 mmol/L2) perfusion and reperfusion with 37°C Krebs-Henseleit solution (n = 8). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 versus the initial volume. (C) The combined graph shows the relative swelling and shrinkage during hypothermal perfusion with different [K+][Cl−] product solutions and reperfusion with 37°C Krebs-Henseleit solution. ∗p < 0.05 versus low Cl− St. Thomas’ ([K+][Cl−] = 700 mmol/L2) solution. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 633-638DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01403-X)

Fig 3 Relative cell volume change during 20 minutes in 9°C St. Thomas’ solution perfusion and reperfusion with 37°C Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution contain 500 μmol/L glyburide and 200 μmol/L clofibric acid respectively (n = 8 for each group). Volumes are normalized by the initial volume in 37°C Krebs-Henseleit solution (the first three filled circle). The cells quickly swelled during 9°C St. Thomas’ perfusion, shrinkage were prevented by both glyburide (A) and clofibric acid (B). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 versus the initial volume. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 633-638DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01403-X)