THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Dr.S.Rajasekar Professor, Department of Education, Annamalai University Email: sr@sekars.net Website: http://www.sekars.net

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Aims: To facilitate the programme members to acquire an overall view of the Systems Approach to Curriculum Development To help them to develop a course design / curriculum in their respective subjects 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Objectives: The programme members acquire knowledge of the term “System”, Definition, the basic concepts of Systems Approach, general steps, procedure and advantages of this approach understand the significance of this approach in curriculum development apply this approach in designing a curriculum develop skill in preparing a course design / curriculum in their respective subjects 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Learning Outcomes: After listening to my Lecture you will be able to know the following Meaning and Definition of the term “system” Elements of a System The Basic concepts of the Systems Approach The Systems Approach – Systems analysis The general steps in the Systems Approach 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Learning Outcomes: Contd… The procedural steps in the Systems Approach in Education The Systems Model for educational process A Simplified Systems Approach to Curriculum Development Advantages Developing a course design / curriculum 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Meaning of the term “System” The term "systems" is derived from the Greek word "synistanai," which means "to bring together or combine." Group of items or objects forming a unified whole – System 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Definitions “A regularly interacting or independent group of items forming a unified whole” “A group of objects related or interacting so as to form an unity”- Webster's Dictionary 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Definitions Contd… It also defines system as “organized or established procedure”, or a methodically arranged set of ideas, principles, methods or procedure” A system is “a collection of elements, interacting with each other to achieve a common goal”.- Crunkilton and Finch (1999) 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Elements of a System - (For example: An engine) Input-fuel, air, electrical charge Output-movement, spark Feedback-sounds, temperature Environment-operating environment including ambient temperature, personnel Process-internal combustion, cooling, movement 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT It is an operational planning concept, borrowed from the engineering sciences and cybernetics, which deals with self regulating and self sustaining systems. Systems approach to curriculum Behavioural objectives The strategies for helping them to reach the objectives and Evaluation instruments to measure their success 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT The Basic concepts of the Systems Approach It integrates analytic and synthetic method It encompasses both holism and reductionism It was first proposed under the name of "General System Theory" by the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy. 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT A simple system is illustrated schematically 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT A System in interaction with its environment 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT The Systems Approach – Systems analysis A systematic way of identifying the goals of any system and scientifically working out different steps /strategies to move towards these goals, suggesting “models/ design” for application System analysis is to get the “BEST Equipment in the BEST place for the BEST people at the BEST time and at the BEST price” 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT The general steps in the Systems Approach An analysis of the existing situation Setting up of goals for the desired situation Defining mechanisms to evaluate the achievements of goals Generating alternative solutions 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT The general steps in the Systems Approach Choosing the best possible solution through cost-benefit analysis Developing a design of the system Outlining the monitoring mechanisms for the system Working out for introducing the solution 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT The procedural steps in the Systems Approach in Education Defining instructional goals, behavioural objectives and stating them in operational measurable terms. Determining functions related to the achievements of these goals by proper aids like films, recordings, etc. Defining learner characteristics and requirements Choosing appropriate methods suitable for effective learning of the topic 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT The procedural steps in the Systems Approach in Education Contd… Selecting appropriate learning experiences from many alternatives available Selecting appropriate materials, facilities, equipment, resources, environment, tools required for student experiences Defining and assigning appropriate personal roles – teachers – team teaching members – supporting personnel – students 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT The procedural steps in the Systems Approach in Education Contd… Implementing the programme – Try with a few pupils in typical and appropriate condition Testing and evaluating the outcome in terms of original objectives measured in student performance Refining and revising if necessary to improve production and efficiency of the system to improve student learning. 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT The Systems Model for educational process 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT A Simplified Systems Approach to Curriculum Development 11 September 2019

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT A few advantages It permits an orderly introduction of components to be required for systems success in terms of student learning It helps to identify suitability or otherwise of the resource material to achieve the specific goal The plan of action is flexible as continuous evaluation affords desired beneficial changes to be made. 11 September 2019

Quick Glance… Curriculum in the WEB AGE Web Based Curriculum http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/ http://www.schalmont.org/teacher/teacherswebs.html http://www.crk.umn.edu/ http://www.nova.edu/~burmeist/orient28.html 11 September 2019

Thank You For further clarifications Please mail to : info@sekars.net Questions? For further clarifications Please mail to : info@sekars.net For Summary of this lecture Please check out the website http://www.lectureinfo.sekars.net Thank You 11 September 2019