Action Research Yasmin Stefanov-King ac4257@Coventry.ac.uk

Housekeeping Introduction Aims for today – build confidence around action research ethics around research

Class discussion What is your understanding of ethics? Watch the videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmBqwWlJg8U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yr5cjyokVUs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxq4QtK3j0Y What are the ethical considerations with these experiments? Would a University approve such an experiment nowadays?

Ethics: 10 questionable practices Involving persons without their consent Coercing participants Withholding information Deceiving Inducing them to acts that diminish their self-esteem Exposing them to mental or physical stress Invading privacy Discrimination Withholding benefits (with control groups) Do any of these practices apply to the experiments we watched?

Ethics: children as participants Researchers should not learn about ethics in practice but well beforehand Children are vulnerable and can be easily exposed to risks ACTIVITY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hBfnXACsOI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTsewNrHUHU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdJ2CWcRl2g from 28:53 min where the children experiment starts

Ethics: children as participants INFORMED CONSENT: Participants give their consent signed. Can children give their consent on their own? The Informed Consent should include: -research purpose -why they have been asked to participate -what is their involvement -what they will do and for how long -that they will be informed about the research before, during and after -that all names and places will not be revealed -that they can withdraw at any time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdJ2CWcRl2g from 28:53 min where the children experiment starts

Ethics: children as participants INFORMED CONSENT: -How the data will be recorded -Where they will be stored -Who will see the data https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdJ2CWcRl2g from 28:53 min where the children experiment starts

Research ethics “Research ethics exist to ensure that the principles of justice, respect and avoiding doing harm are upheld, by using agreed standards”. (Morrow, 2009, p.1)

Ethics What other things do you need to consider? – trainer questioning trainee / sharing / if parent / child gives consent / is action research ethical? Validity / Reliability / Trinagulation

Pilot Study Research questions – think about the language used Small scale, short term, action research with the possibility of longitudinal study Be aware of positionality & blind spots Conferences Anonymity / Confidentiality / Maintaining Boundaries What are your areas of interest?

How to write your literature review…

Your literature review is a journey that you are taking the reader on, and looks like an upside down pyramid… This is your broad area of interest – whatever that may be, let’s say mental health… This is getting closer to your specific topic of research – let’s say mental health support for those with depression… This is where you hold my hand and I am thinking to myself “Wow, but my question is – what about mental health support for those with depression in a small coastal region?…” and then BAM you hit me with exactly the same question that I was thinking of as your research question!

Introduction - Aims & Objectives of the proposal Review of Literature Contents Introduction - Aims & Objectives of the proposal Review of Literature Introduction Review of existing literature Conclusion – research question Research Methodology Sub Research Question box Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Mixed Methods Research Sample Method – evaluation of why methodological approach has been chosen Ethics Limitations Expected Outcomes  List of References Appendices

Contents 3.7 Data Collection Procedures Chapter One: Introduction 3.8 Limitations of this piece of research Statement of Purpose 3.9 Conclusion Key Terms This Study Chapter Four: Presentation and Analysis of Research Findings Main Research Question: 4.1 Introduction Sub Research Questions: Summary 4.2 Research Findings and Analysis Chapter Two: Review of Literature 4.3 Conclusion Introduction Chapter Five: Discussion Review of existing literature Conclusion 5.1 Introduction Chapter Three: Research Methodology 5.2 Discussion of Findings 3.1 Introduction 5.2.1 Research Question 1: 5.2.2 Research Question 2: 3.2 Research Approaches 3.2.1 Quantitative Research 5.2.3 Research Question 3: 3.2.2 Qualitative Research 5.2.4 Research Question 4: 3.2.3 Mixed Methods Research 3.3 Evaluating Data Collection Methods 5.2.5 Research Question 5: 3.3.1 Content Analysis 5.3 Main Research Question: 3.3.2 Questionnaire 5.4 Recommendations and Conclusions 3.3.3 Observation   3.3.4 Storyboards List of References 3.4 Rationale for Method chosen Appendices 3.5 Reliability and Validity 3.6 Research Ethics