Active Power Saving System APSS Technical Data Show www.engarab.com

www.engarab.com Arab Engineering AME الشركة الهندسية العربية أ م ع القاهرةCairo جمهورية مصر العربية Republic Arab of Egypt www.engarab.com

Objectives Functions A scientific project for power factor quality improvement and saving, by the reduction of current voltage harmonics, the improvement of electric motors efficiency and the reduction of active power consumption ( kwhr ) and currents at the building. The project includes the scientific study, design, and installation of: • Energy saving panels to save in electric consumption (kwhr) (active power) by an amount ranging not less than 20% reflected on monthly electric bills. Special motors (chocks) for harmonic reduction.   Special ant resonance harmonic fillers with electric regulators for the adoption of their characteristics to harmonics creation sources. Raise the power factor to 0.99, as a result of optimisation of power factors with regard to the harmonic and the restive contents. Reduction of current-voltage harmonics. APSS unit minimizes, is some applications, the harmonics in the network (3red, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th).

APSS panels can be designed to work in any environment. • APSS panels are of suitable size and don’t need any additional facilities. APSS panels can be designed to work in any environment. Improvement of motor’s efficiency. Reduction of supply currents and considerable saving. Reduction of the requested apparent power. No negative impact on the network, according to authorized certificates. The network resistance is reduced due to the energy exchange between the APSS unit and the different loads; therefore, the consumed current from the source is reduced. APSS unit works on minimizing the network losses and acts as A VOLTAGE STABILIZER to a certain extent which leads to reduce the consumed current from the source. APSS unit can handle each phase separately which leads to balance the load of the network, therefore it minimizes the current flow through the neutral cable of the network.

The Advantages of the APSS Panel Egyptian product. Achieves saving not less than 20% over the consumed active power for networks that are supplied through transformer. Achieves saving not less than 30% over the fuel consumption for networks that are supplied through generators. Power factor improvement that reaches up to 0.99 which makes the client benefits from avoiding paying penalties over the reactive power. The network resistance is reduced due to the energy exchange between APSS unit & the different loads; therefore, the consumed current from the source is reduced. APSS unit works on minimizing the network losses and acts as a voltage stabilizer to a certain extent which lids to reduce the consumed current from the source. APSS unit can handle each phase separately which leads to balance the load of the network, therefore it minimizes the current flow through the neutral able of the network.

• APSS unit minimizes, in some applications, the harmonics in the network (3rd, 5th, 7th, 9thy, 11th, & 13th) With the use of APSS panels, client saves location and expenses of new equipments and additional devices he might spent to increase his network capacity without using APSS panels. AME provides monthly check-up and preventive maintenance by a highly qualified technical teams for projects inside Egypt and Trains qualified technical staff on site for projects abroad (optional for Egypt). APSS panels are of suitable size and don’t need any additional facilities. APSS panels can be designed to work in any environment. APSS panels can be easily installed and dismounted only by Bassant-Tech. Team, or by any team certified from AME

Networks’ Common Problems S.N. Networks’ Common Problems APSS Solution 1 The amount of the monthly electricity invoices APSS salves 20 - 30% over the consumed active power without affecting the load, therefore saves the same percentage over the electrical invoices amounts 2 The insufficient efficiency of the Power factor Correction Panels APSS achieves the best power factor relative to the load 3 The increase of the power consumption in the peak intervals APSS minimizes the increase of the power consumption in the peak intervals by achieving more saving proportional to the load demands as it brings more phases into operation automatically 4 The increase of the different types of losses (thermal…) APSS decreases the consumed current from the source (without decreasing the load current) which leads to the losses decrease in the network.

APSS acts to a certain extent as a voltage stabilizer 6 5 Voltage drop APSS acts to a certain extent as a voltage stabilizer 6 The presence of Harmonics which adds losses and causes troubles in the network APSS treats in most of the applications the harmonics without adding more equip- mints to the network 7 The unbalances of the loads, that leads to increase of the current that goes through the neutral cable APSS balances the net-workloads, therefore minimizes the current going through the neutral cable. 8 The repetition of the troubles due to the different problems of the network. APSS improves the network efficiency and leads to have a clean, clear and stable network. 9 The obligation of buying additional APSS allows the client to use the saved energy for load increase within the saved range without adding more devices or buying more power from the electricity Authority.

Manufacturing Origins for Our System: Product Type Country / Co Standard 1- Single phase and three phase capacitors DUCATI () FRAKO () EN60831 – 1/2 IEC6033/part 1&2

Quality: Utmost attention to product quality and customer service are constants in DUCATI’s history and the main factors contributing to its success worldwide Ducati has always been one of the first companies in its field, in Italy and in Europe, to adopt the most modern standards and procedures in order to assure the highest level of product quality and reliability. The QUALITY SYSTEM of Ducati Energy APSS, capacitor division, as described in the Quality Manual, was one of the first in Italy to be approved by the BSI in accordance with ISO 9002 (EN 29002) procedures: Certificate of Registration N.FM 22-04 All this has been achieved thanks to fully automated and iterated production processes, completely new and innovative machines, production process control methods based on accurate specifications and the assigning of responsibility to operator at all levels. Capacitors systems and relays comply with the requirements set forth in EC Directives 73/23 and 93/68 (“Low Voltage Directive”). The harmonized European standards of reference are EN60861-1 and EN 60834.2. Nearly all models are certified international institutes and all the manufactured in full compliance with the requirements of said standards. The failure rate (for capacitors only) is 300 per 109 components hours (reliability according to DIN 40040).

• The specifications of the all capacitors of the two companies complies with IEC, NSI, IEEE, B.S.S. Product Type Country/Co Standard 2- Power controllers DUCATI ENTES FRAKO EN61010-1EN50081-1, EN50082-2 IEC61326, IEC,ANSI, IEEE, B.S.S. IECE1326 Acc. VDE 0560 parts 46 & 47, EN60831-1 1&2, IEC 831- 1&2, VDE 0660 part 500, EN60439-1, with type test TSK, IEC 61326 • The specifications of power controllers of the three companies complies with IEC, ANSI, IEEE, B.S.S. Product Type Country/Co Standard 3- Active harmonic filters DUCATI ENTES FRAKO EN60146 IEEE519 IEC,ANS’I, IEEE, B.S.S. IEC, ANS’I, IEEE, B.S.S.

• All companies complies with: IEC60289, IEC60076, VDE0532,VDE0106 part100, IEC 60831, VDE 0100, P.F., IEC60, VDE0105, IEC60050, IEC60529, VDE0560 part 46. •The specifications of the harmonic filters of the three companies compiles with IEC, ANS’I, IEE, B.S.S. Product Type Country/Co Standard 4- Contactors DUCATI ENTESS FRAKO Hager IECPUL-947-4-1 (1990) IECPUL 947-1 (1986) EC,A IEC, ANST’I, IEEE, BSS IEC 60947-2, IEC60947-3, IEC60947-4-1 IEC61009,EnB/IEC 60269-1, EN/IEC 650269-2, IEC60755, IEC 947-2 annex B, IEC 61543 IEC 61008-1, EN60730 EN60669-2-1 5- Isolating switches IEC 60947Pt.3 & IS 13947 Pt.3, IEC947-4-1, IEC947-5-1, EN 60947-4-1, EN60947-5-1, VDE0660

Ducati, Enes, Franco, Hager all products approval by: ISO 18001, 14001, 9001 CE (community European/TUV Rhineland. •TSE, • GOST-R • CCC, • KR, LR, ABS, BV, NK, GL Product Type Country/Co Standard 6- Chassis DUCATI FRACO Hager IECEN 61921 IEC, ANS’I, IEE, B.S.S. BS EN60439-1&2 IP55/65 as per IEC 529 The specifications of the product of the three Co, complies with IEC, ANSI, IEE, B.S.S. Product Type Country/Co Standard 7- Meters FRACO DUCATI Hager •IEC61010-1 (EN 61010-1) •CSAO22-2 No. 1010-1 •IEC 62052-11, •UL61010B-1

•The meters comply to the electromagnetic immunity standards in tender specifications and the certification required. Product Type Country/Co Standard 8- Fuses DUCATI IEC269, DIN VDE636, DIN 43620, 9- Fixed power factor correction unit Automatic power factors correction unit with reactors Discharge reactors FRACO FRCO ENTES CEI EN 61921 EN61558-2-20 The specifications of the reactors of the three companies comply with IEC, ANSI, IEEE, B.S.S. PSU relies on a new technology that uses special capacitors, with unique specifications

To Simplify Things to all of us... You can’t move the wheelbarrow (active power delivery) unless you lift the arms! (reactive power)

Electrical Power Types Almost all bulk electric power is generated, transported and consumed in an alternating current (AC) network. Elements of AC systems produce and consume two kinds of Power: Real Power “P” (measured in watts) It accomplishes useful work (e.g., running motors) Reactive Power (measured in vary). supports the voltages that must be controlled for system reliability

Power Factor φ φ φ Power factor (Pf) = The cosine of the angle between Voltage and current signals = coos φ. Voltage φ Current Power factor (Pf) = The cosine of the angle between useful power and Total power = coos φ = (P/S) Motor Current Magnetic current S=Total Power (KVA) Q Magnetic Power (KVAr) φ φ Useful current P=Useful Power (KW)

Why improve Power Factor? The benefits that can be achieved by applying the suitable Power Factor correction are: Environmental benefit. Reduction of power consumption due to improved energy efficiency. Reduced power consumption means less greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel depletion by power stations Reduction of Electricity Bills Extra kVA available from the existing supply Reduction of I2R losses in transformers and distribution equipment Reduction of voltage drop in long cables Extended equipment life – Reduced electrical burden on cables and electrical components 18

Penalty Equation Electricity Bill! Pen=30000 USD Pen=160000USD For a PF between 0.72----0.92, the penalty per year in L.E (Pen.) is calculated as follows: (0.92-average PF) Pen. = Kwhr per year × × 0.5 USD For a PF below 0.72, the penalty per year in L.E (Pen.) is calculated as follows: (0.92-average PF) Pen. = Kwhr per year × × 1.0 USD Numerical Example Pen=30000 USD For 500000 Kwhr with PF 0.8, we get Pen=160000USD For 500000 Kwhr with PF 0.6, we get

Bonus Electricity Bill! Bonus=10000 USD Bonus = × (PF-0.92) × 0.5 USD For a PF above 0.92, the Bonus per year in L.E is calculated as follows: Bonus = Kwhr per year × (PF-0.92) × 0.5 USD Numerical Example Bonus=10000 USD For 500000 Kwhr with PF 0.96, we get

How to improve Power Factor? Power factor correction is achieved by the addition of capacitors in parallel with the connected motor or lighting circuits and can be applied at the equipment, distribution board or at the origin of the installation.

So, what is happening? System without Power factor correction System with Power factor correction Cosφ = (P/S) Cosθ = (P/S1) QC(VARS) P (Watts) φ θ QL-QC (VARS) S1(VA) QL(VARS) S (VA) Capacitors contained in most power factor correction equipment draw current that leads the voltage, thus producing a leading power factor. If capacitors are connected to a circuit that operates at a nominally lagging power factor, the extent that the circuit lags is reduced proportionately.

Now; we can say that Power factor correction succeeded in the following: Decreasing the shift between P and S, thus increasing PF Decreasing the reactive power Q, thus reducing or eliminating the penalty from the electricity bill Power factor correction Failed in Decreasing the active power “P”

Active Power Saving System That was yesterday What about Today? A P S S Leads a revolution and proudly introduces its new product Active Power Saving System APSS

APSS PSU relies on a new technology that uses special capacitors, with unique specifications. PSU Capacitors are chemically treated, such that they gain a negative resistance PSU

Non APSS Capacitors APSS Capacitors Positive Resistance Q S PFC P Used for PFC Positive Resistance Q S ≈880 PFC More P consumption P APSS Capacitors Used for PFC Negative Resistance Active Power Saving S Q Over-helping source PFC ? P

Positive versus Negative Resistance RLoad RLoad +VE RCircuit -VE RCircuit RCircuit = +1 ohm RLoad = 9 ohm I=100/(9+1) = 10 Amp. PLoad =102 × 9 = 900 watt PCircuit= 102 × 1= 100 watt PSource = V × I=1000 watt PSource = PLoad + Pcircuit Conclusion RCircuit acts as over-impeding voltage source RCircuit = -1 ohm RLoad = 9 ohm I=100/(9-1)=12.5 Amp. PLoad =12.52×9= 1406.25 watt PCircuit=12.52×1=156.25 watt PSource = V × I = 1250 watt PSource + PCircuit = PLoad Conclusion RCircuit acts as over-helping voltage source

APSS Why APSS ? 1- When used with loads supplied from an electrical network, it can save up to 40% of the Active Power 2- When used with loads supplied from Diesel generators, it can effectively save the amount of used fuel 3- When used with inductive loads, it can safely improve the PF, thus eliminating any penalties and gain Bonus 4- It has much less dimensions compared with PFC units 5- It operates automatically to suit different load variations 6- It has much simple design, and needs much less maintenance

APSS Why APSS ? 7- Our clients no longer need to increase their input power for further loadings, they can increase their loads up to 40 % without any changes in the feeders. 8- PSU is being Guaranteed by B-Tech for five complete years, through which professional maintenance and supervision is given 9- Has much competitive Price compared to the percentage saving, where the client mostly regain his investment in about one year 10- The usage of PSU simply reduces the end production marginal cost

الشركة الهندسية العربية Arab Engineering AME Cairo Arab Republic of Egypt 12 Agga St. – Safire Heliopolis الشركة الهندسية العربية القاهرة جمهورية مصر العربية 12 شارع أجا مصر الجديدة ميدان سفير مصر الجديدة Tel / Fax : + (202) 263 84 713 Mob : +20 111 99 68 552 info@engarab.com www.engarab.com

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