Migration Classroom Resource

Lesson Objectives Migration Identify the reasons why people leave their home and place of origin. Explore the law and rights that people have if they choose to leave their home to migrate, or if they become a displaced person or refugee. Apply your knowledge and think critically about a state or countries obligations looking at different case studies. 2 © Young Citizens

HOME Why would YOU leave? Migration HOME Why would YOU leave? 3 © Young Citizens

Migration Migration A term used to describe the general movement of people from one place to another. The movement could be for a number of reasons including economic, social, political or environmental. 4 © Young Citizens

Internally displaced person International student Migration Internally displaced person A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape persecution. A foreign national who studies in another country, usually on a visa. Asylum seeker Economic migrant A person who moves from one place to another, especially to find work and/or better living conditions. A person who has left their home country and is living in another country formally seeking protection against being returned to their home country. Refugee International student Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. 5 © Young Citizens

Internally Displaced Person Migration Internally Displaced Person On the 24th June 2017 a fire engulfed Grenfell Tower, a 27 storey tower block situated in West London. 71 people lost their lives in the fire. Many homes were destroyed. Following the fire 203 families needed rehousing. 6 © Young Citizens

Migration Refugee Since 2011 over 5.4 million people have fled Syria to avoid the bombs and bullets that have devastated their homes during the ongoing civil war. Many of these have sought safety in neighbouring countries such as Turkey who currently has 3.3 million registered refugees from Syria. 7 © Young Citizens

Asylum Seeker Migration 8 Victor is from Zimbabwe. In 2008 he wrote an e-mail criticising the way that the Mugabe government was re-elected. His e-mail was intercepted and an arrest warrant was taken out against him. As a result, he left his home to seek asylum in the UK . 8 © Young Citizens

International Students Migration International Students In 2014 it was reported that 13% of the UK student population was made up of international students from non EU countries. They contributed £7 billion to the UK economy. 9 © Young Citizens

Migrant Worker Migration 10 Stella is from Nigeria. In 2000 she moved to the UK to pursue a career in nursing. She now works as a children’s nurse in South London. 10 © Young Citizens

Migration Hana Hana is a 16-year old girl from Syria. Her father is an engineer and Hana and her family came to the UK on a work visa a little over six years ago. At that time the situation in Syria had been tense but Hana’s family did not anticipate the horrific, drawn-out civil war that continues until today and their main reason for moving was work. However, they now feel that it is no longer safe for the family to return, and the village where they lived has been all but destroyed. 11 © Young Citizens

Migration 12 © Young Citizens

Confirmed Refugee Status Migration Has the right to… Confirmed Refugee Status Asylum Seeker Be protected from return to a country where they may seek persecution ✔ Stay in the UK for a long period of time / indefinitely Once refugee status is confirmed a person is normally given leave to remain for 5 years. After this they can apply for permanent residency which may be subject to review of refugee status Can generally stay in the country whilst awaiting a final decision on their refugee status. Housing support Can apply for housing benefits If an asylum seeker does not have sufficient money they must be given somewhere to live this could be in a flat, house, hostel or bed & breakfast. There is no choice about where the accommodation is. Sometimes a person may be made to stay in an immigration centre. Education Asylum seekers who are of compulsory school age are entitled to education in their local area. Work X However, after one year, if a final decision on refugee status has not been made, asylum seekers can apply for permission to fill a ‘shortage’ vacancy although these are very limited. Welfare support from the government Entitled to £36.95 per week to support with living costs 13 © Young Citizens

International Law National Law What do these laws say about migration? Rules accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations. National Law Laws that exist “within” a particular state (often called “domestic law”). What do these laws say about migration? 14 © Young Citizens

International Law Migration 15 International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights Right to life Freedom of religion Freedom of assembly (e.g. to be able to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their ideas) Right to non-discrimination Electoral rights (e.g. the right to vote, the right to be elected) Right to due process and a fair trial International Covenant on Economic & Cultural Rights Right to work Right to fair and just conditions at work Right to adequate food Right to clothing and housing 15 © Young Citizens

Geneva Refugee Convention 1951 Migration Geneva Refugee Convention 1951 Article 1A  Definition of a refugee “[any person who] owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country”. 16 © Young Citizens

European Law Migration 17 The European Convention on Human Rights: Article 2: Right to life Article 3: Prohibition of torture Article 6: Right to a fair trial Article 8: Right to respect for family and private life Article 10: Freedom of thought, conscience & religion Article 14: Prohibition of discrimination 17 © Young Citizens

UK National Law Migration 18 Immigration Act 1971, Section 1: anyone not having the right of abode in the UK is subject to immigration control and can only live, work and settle in the UK by permission. British citizens have the right of abode (British Nationality Act 1981). EEA nationals are exempt from immigration control (EEA Regulations 2006). 18 © Young Citizens

Migration 19 © Young Citizens

Discuss these BIG questions Migration Discuss these BIG questions Should international law always trump national law? Are there any circumstances where migration from one country to another should never be permitted? 20 © Young Citizens

Activity 3 – A right to stay? Migration Activity 3 – A right to stay? Worksheet 3 – Scenario decision time Read the scenarios and decide if the individuals/families should be allowed to stay. 21 © Young Citizens

Plenary List 3 new things you have learnt today Migration Plenary List 3 new things you have learnt today What have you found most surprising about what we have discussed today? Share one important piece of information, concept or view you now have. 22 © Young Citizens