Principles of Computers 14th Lecture

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Presentation transcript:

Principles of Computers 14th Lecture Pavel Ježek, Ph.D. pavel.jezek@d3s.mff.cuni.cz

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit (64 kB) Apple I (1976) Apple II (1977) Atari 800 (1979)

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 PC 16-bit (64 kB) PC = program counter Apple I (1976) Apple II (1977) Atari 800 (1979)

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 PC 16-bit (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 Apple I (1976) Apple II (1977) Atari 800 (1979) IBM PC (1981)

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 IBM PC (1981)

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 IBM PC (1981) logical address (16 bit & 16 bit): Segment:Offset

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 IBM PC (1981) logical address (16 bit & 16 bit): Segment:Offset physical address (20 bit): (Segment * 16) + Offset

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 IBM PC (1981) logical address (16 bit & 16 bit): Segment:Offset physical address (20 bit): (Segment * 16) + Offset logical address: $AAAA:$0000 physical address: $AAAA * 16 = $AAAA shl 4 = $AAAA0 + $0000 = $AAAA0

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 IBM PC (1981) logical address (16 bit & 16 bit): Segment:Offset physical address (20 bit): (Segment * 16) + Offset logical address: $AAAA:$0000 physical address: $AAAA * 16 = $AAAA shl 4 = $AAAA0 + $0000 = $AAAA0 logical address: $A000:$AAA0 physical address: $A000 * 16 = $A000 shl 4 = $A0000 + $AAA0 = $AAAA0

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 IBM PC (1981) logical address (16 bit & 16 bit): Segment:Offset physical address (20 bit): (Segment * 16) + Offset logical address: $AAAA:$0000 physical address: $AAAA * 16 = $AAAA shl 4 = $AAAA0 + $0000 = $AAAA0 logical address: $A100:$9AA0 physical address: $A100 * 16 = $A100 shl 4 = $A1000 + $9AA0 = $AAAA0 logical address: $A000:$AAA0 physical address: $A000 * 16 = $A000 shl 4 = $A0000 + $AAA0 = $AAAA0

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 IBM PC (1981) logical address (16 bit & 16 bit): Segment:Offset physical address (20 bit): (Segment * 16) + Offset Address space aliasing logical address: $AAAA:$0000 physical address: $AAAA * 16 = $AAAA shl 4 = $AAAA0 + $0000 = $AAAA0 logical address: $A100:$9AA0 physical address: $A100 * 16 = $A100 shl 4 = $A1000 + $9AA0 = $AAAA0 logical address: $A000:$AAA0 physical address: $A000 * 16 = $A000 shl 4 = $A0000 + $AAA0 = $AAAA0

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) PC = program counter x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) CS = code segment IP = instruction pointer Intel 8086 IBM PC (1981) logical address (16 bit & 16 bit): Segment:Offset physical address (20 bit): (Segment * 16) + Offset Address space aliasing logical address: $AAAA:$0000 physical address: $AAAA * 16 = $AAAA shl 4 = $AAAA0 + $0000 = $AAAA0 logical address: $A100:$9AA0 physical address: $A100 * 16 = $A100 shl 4 = $A1000 + $9AA0 = $AAAA0 logical address: $A000:$AAA0 physical address: $A000 * 16 = $A000 shl 4 = $A0000 + $AAA0 = $AAAA0

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 IBM PC (1981)

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width Special mode 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 Intel 80286 24-bit (16 MB) protected 16 (+ real) mode

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width Special mode 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 Intel 80286 24-bit (16 MB) protected 16 (+ real) mode 32-bit IA-32 INTEL32 Intel 80386 EIP (4 GB) protected 32 mode

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width Special mode 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 Intel 80286 24-bit (16 MB) protected 16 (+ real) mode 32-bit IA-32 INTEL32 Intel 80386 EIP (4 GB) protected 32 mode Intel Pentium Pro 36-bit (64 GB) PAE (Physical Address Extension)

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width Special mode 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 Intel 80286 24-bit (16 MB) protected 16 (+ real) mode 32-bit IA-32 INTEL32 Intel 80386 EIP (4 GB) protected 32 mode Intel Pentium Pro 36-bit (64 GB) PAE 64-bit x64 x86-64 AMD64 INTEL64 EM64T AMD Opteron (Intel Pentium 4) RIP 40-bit (1 TB) long mode

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width Special mode 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 Intel 80286 24-bit (16 MB) protected 16 (+ real) mode 32-bit IA-32 INTEL32 Intel 80386 EIP (4 GB) protected 32 mode Intel Pentium Pro 36-bit (64 GB) PAE 64-bit x64 x86-64 AMD64 INTEL64 EM64T AMD Opteron (Intel Pentium 4) RIP 40-bit (1 TB) long mode 2018 current (e.g. Core i7) AMD: 48b → 256 TB Intel: 46b → 64 TB

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width Special mode 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 Intel 80286 24-bit (16 MB) protected 16 (+ real) mode 32-bit IA-32 INTEL32 Intel 80386 EIP (4 GB) protected 32 mode Intel Pentium Pro 36-bit (64 GB) PAE 64-bit x64 x86-64 AMD64 INTEL64 EM64T AMD Opteron (Intel Pentium 4) RIP 40-bit (1 TB) long mode 2018 current (e.g. Core i7) AMD: 48b → 256 TB Intel: 46b → 64 TB 32-bit ARM 64-bit ARM 32b MIPS MIPS64 PowerPC (PPC) 32b Motorola 68000 (68k)

Examples of CPU Architectures CPU name Logical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width Special mode 8-bit 6502 MOS 6502 16-bit PC (64 kB) x86-16 x86 Intel 8088 16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 8086 Intel 80286 24-bit (16 MB) protected 16 (+ real) mode 32-bit IA-32 INTEL32 Intel 80386 EIP (4 GB) protected 32 mode Intel Pentium Pro 36-bit (64 GB) PAE 64-bit x64 x86-64 AMD64 INTEL64 EM64T AMD Opteron (Intel Pentium 4) RIP 40-bit (1 TB) long mode 2018 current (e.g. Core i7) AMD: 48b → 256 TB Intel: 46b → 64 TB 32-bit ARM 64-bit ARM 32b MIPS MIPS64 PowerPC (PPC) 32b Motorola 68000 (68k)