7/30/2019 The Atlantic World 1492 –1800 Chapter 17

Spanish Conquests in the Americas Early European explorers were motivated by Three G’s— Guns, Glory, and God—and powered by new technologies: caravel, triangular sails, astrolabe, and magnetic compass 1492 - Columbus was soon followed by conquistadors Hernando Cortés conquered the Aztecs 1521 Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca 1532 Their advantages were superior technology and nasty germs steel swords and armor gunpowder horses smallpox Manipulated Native alliances and religious beliefs

Competing Claims in North America The English, Dutch, and French Made claims in North America Colonies were economic enterprises or religious havens Jamestown 1607 Plymouth 1620 The French and Indian War (1754 – 1763) England defeated the French and won much of North America

1544 cartography Ferdinand Magellan Led expedition to circumnavigate the globe, 1519-1522 Killed in the Philippines, 1521

The Atlantic Slave Trade Slaves were needed to work the plantations of the new world Spain’s encomienda system was failing as the Native population declined Bartolomé de Las Casas Spanish monk who suggested using Africans Triangular trade (transatlantic network) Europeans manufactured goods Africans traded slaves for manufactured goods The Americas were used to produce raw materials Tobacco, sugar, coffee, rum, molasses, rice, etc…

The Columbian Exchange

A Commercial Revolution Capitalism Private ownership Investment of wealth for profit Joint-stock companies People pooled their cash to invest in trading missions Mercantilism Power depends on wealth Self-sufficient nations Towns, Cities, and the Merchant class grew