1. The Impact of the Discovery and Colonization of the Americas

2. The Columbian Exchange New foods were introduced to Europe –corn, potatoes, tomatoes, cacao, beans, vanilla, peanuts, pineapples New foods were introduced to the Americas –citrus fruits, bananas, sugar cane, wheat, rice, barley, oats, coffee New livestock was introduced to the Americas –horses, cattle, sheep, pigs Diseases for which Native Americans had no resistance –smallpox, typhus, influenza, malaria

3. Slavery Why? –Native Americans did not prove to be a good labor source. –Africans were immune to many diseases experienced in farming strangers to America Result: –colonial economy dependent upon slave labor –Devastation of many African societies

4. The Commercial Revolution 1. The Colonial Empires led to... –expansion of trade –new forms of business organizations A. Capitalism –an economic system –based on private ownership of property, and the investment and reinvestment of wealth B. the Joint Stock Company –similar to a modern corporation. –Investors shared in the profit and losses.

5. The Commercial Revolution 2. Mercantilism... –an economic policy –based on the belief that a country’s power was dependent on the accumulation of gold and silver. A. favorable balance of trade. B. colonies provided: – sources of silver and gold – inexpensive raw materials – new markets

6. The Commercial Revolution C. mercantilist nations encouraged manufacturing to increase exports. D. Wealth from a favorable balance of trade was used to build a strong army and navy.

7. Chapter 12 1455 AD development of printing press by Gutenberg 1517 AD Luther posts his 95 Theses and begins the Protestant Reformation 1545 AD Council of Trent 1555 AD Peace of Augsburg 1588 AD defeat of the Spanish Armada Chapter 13 1488 AD Bartolomeu Dias reached the southern tip of Africa 1492 AD Columbus “discovered” the Americas 1519 AD Magellan set out on his circumnavigation of the globe 1521 AD Cortes conquered the Aztecs 1607 AD founding of Jamestown 1620 AD founding of Plymouth 1628 AD founding of Massachusetts Bay colony