Role of Renewables in Energy Security for Poor Tarun Kapoor Joint Secretary Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Global Energy Access Scenario Globally 1.3 billion people ( around 20% of Global population) do not have electricity to light their homes or conduct business. Share of Population (%) without Access to Electricity

Global Energy Access Scenario Cont. Further, around 3 billion people rely entirely or to a large degree, on traditional biomass for cooking and heating. Share of Population (%) Relying on Traditional Biomass for cooking

Household Energy Consumption Trends (Census 2011) Around 78 million or 31% Indian households, primarily from rural areas (73 million households from rural areas) use kerosene to meet the lighting energy requirement. Percentage of urban population using kerosene witnessed a sharp decline from 75% to 14%. During the last 20 years, the percentage of population using LPG increased from 47% to 65% in urban areas. Similarly, the percentage of urban population using traditional biomass energy has declined by more than half. In rural households, the uptake of LPG was much slower. In 2011 only 11.4% of the rural population used LPG. All biomass fuels-fire-wood, crop residue and cow dung cake-still have a deep penetration of 62.5%, 12.3% and 10.9% respectively.

Electricity Access Cont. State–wise Rural Household Electrification Levels

Energy Solutions Lighting Cooking Rural households still without access to modern lighting services Around 74 million If each household be provided with 100 Watt load for basic lighting facilities then power requirement would be Around 7.4 GW Cooking Households using either traditional biomass or coal/charcoal or kerosene Around 173 million If each household (having 4 members per households) be provided with 0.25 sq. mt. collector area for cooking purposes then requirement of collector area would be Around 43.25 million sq. mt.

Alternatives for Lighting Setting up mini/micro grids depending upon availability of renewable energy resources where conventional grid is technically and economically not feasible. If mini-grid is also not feasible then standalone lighting systems such as solar home lighting systems may be provided. Central Charging Station based Solar Lighting systems

Success so far Technology Achievements No. Villages and Hamlets sanctioned under RVE programme 12,760 No. of home lights installed under Off grid solar scheme 9,30,471 PV based micro grids 61 nos. with aggregate capacity 1.6 MW Biomass based micro grid 70 gasifier systems of 32 kW each Solar Lantern charging station 1000 stations for charging 50-60 lanterns Cook Stove Implemented a pilot scale project for demonstration of 400 nos. of community cook stoves in mid day meal schemes in schools. ii) A pilot scale project for demonstration of 6000 nos. of family sized cook stoves is under implementation.

Economic Viability Mini grid Standalone Lighting Systems: MNRE norm: Rs. 500/- per watt (for PV based) Approx cost Rs. 40,000/- per households for 5 lights, a fan, a TV etc up to 100 watt load. Standalone Lighting Systems: MNRE norm: Rs. 243/- per watt Approx cost Rs. 25,000/- per households for 5 lights, a fan, a TV etc up to 100 watt DC load. Solar Lantern: Between Rs. 500 to Rs. 2000/- for 0.25 W to 3 W.

Regulatory & Policy Issues Permission to set up mini/micro grid: No license in rural areas When grid reaches or if grid is already there then Co-existence with grid Distribution franchisee Ability to sell at higher rate than Discom Draw bulk power from grid Feed power in to the grid Government subsidy of up to 90%: Ownership issue Viability without Government subsidy: Easy & low cost finance Management issues: Role of panchayats Local entrepreneurs Technical Issues : Voltage for DC Grids Metering specifications for inter actions Safety

Thank You