Proteins and Nucleic Acids

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Presentation transcript:

Proteins and Nucleic Acids Biology I

Proteins Contains nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen Are made up of monomers called amino acids There are 20 amino acids Amino acids join together by peptide bonds Most proteins or amino acids end in (-ine)

Proteins Each amino acid contains an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a R group. The R group determines the type of amino acid

Proteins Functions Serve as antibodies to protect against diseases Help to transport substances through the body Serve as enzymes Form muscles, skin, hair, bone, ligaments, etc.

Level of Organization for Proteins Amino acids sequence into protein chains. The amino acids in the chain begin to twist and fold. The chain itself begins to twist. If a protein has more than one chain, then each chain will twist around each other.

Nucleic Acids Contains oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus Are made of monomers called nucleotides There are two types: DNA and RNA

Nucleic Acids A nucleotide is made up of three parts Phosphate group 5 carbon sugar Nitrogen base

DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) is double stranded or a double helix Is made up of nucleotides phosphate group Deoxyribose (sugar) Nitrogen base Functions Stores and sends genetic information

RNA (RiboNucleic Acid) is single stranded There are 3 different types Is made up of nucleotides phosphate group Ribose (sugar) Nitrogen base Function Makes proteins

Nitrogen bases DNA 4 nitrogen bases Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine A-T and G-C RNA 4 nitrogen bases Adenine Uracil Guanine Cytosine A-U and C-G

Nitrogen bases come in two structures Purines- two ringed nitrogen base Adenine Guanine Pyrimidines- one ringed nitrogen bases Thymine (Uracil) Cytosine