1. Two MORE Organic Biomolecules: Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Honors Biology Notes

2. Warm Ups/Objectives SWBAT: Warm-Up:
Identify the building blocks and functions of proteins
Identify the building blocks and functions of nucleic acids
Warm-Up:
List for water, carbohydrates, and lipids:
Elements in each biomolecule
Building blocks
Organic or Inorganic?
Polar or Non-polar?

3. What are Proteins?
Proteins are biomolecules composed of C, H, O, and N (Nitrogen):
Building blocks = Amino Acids
Function as raw materials for building new body parts like skin, hair, and nails
Different proteins are made using different sequences of amino acids.

4. Building Blocks of Proteins
Amino acids are the building blocks of all proteins (the alphabet of the protein language)
20 amino acids exist, and can be combined in different ways to create all the proteins needed for life

5. Examples of Proteins In the Human Body
Contractile Proteins
Muscle fibers that allow for movement
Surface proteins
Identification markers on cell surfaces
Signal Proteins
Involved with hormone production
ENZYMES
- We will talk about enzymes in-depth next week

6. Proteins Checkpoint Name the building blocks of proteins.
What four elements are present in all proteins?
Name three body parts composed of proteins.

7. Structure of Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Nucleic Acids are found in ALL cells.

8. Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides. A nucleotide is a monomer; therefore making nucleic acids polymers of nucleotides joined by covalent bonds.

9. Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
Each nucleotide is composed of three parts:
1. Sugar
2. Phosphate
3. Nitrogen Base

10. Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
Sugar and phosphate are the same in every nucleotide, but the nitrogen bases may vary. There are five types of nitrogen bases:
1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Uracil
4. Cytocine
5. Guanine

11. Functions of Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids store and pass on genetic information

12. Types of Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
provides “directions” for its own copying (replication)
Passed on from one generation to the next
looks like a “twisted ladder” or double helix which is held together with hydrogen bonds
composed of repeating units of nucleotides

13. DNA continued
Nitrogen bases of DNA include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)
responsible for storing genetic information, or the building plan for all living organisms
makes up genes
goes through a process known as DNA replication which is when DNA will make a copy of itself. DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell

14. DNA Base-Pair Rules
DNA looks like a twisted ladder with bases making up the rungs.
Adenine on one side bonds to thymine on the other
Cytosine on one side binds to guanine on the other

15. Types of Nucleic Acids Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
directs the production of a protein
is a single strand of nucleotides one side of a ladder
Nitrogen bases of RNA include adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)

16. RNA continued
helps to make proteins in a process known as protein synthesis

17. Nucleic Acids Checkpoint
Name the building blocks of nucleic acids.
True or false: RNA stores genetic information and passes it go the next generation
Which nucleic acid looks like a twisted ladder?
Explain the base-pairing rules for DNA.