AHSGE Social Studies Standard I.

What European movement resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and Asian goods (after a failed attempt to take away the Holy Lands from Muslims?

Crusades

What European movement resulted in new art, technology, and a return to classical thought?

Renaissance

What European movement resulted in the rise of the protestant religion? 

Reformation

What terms are used to describe the exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas after Columbus's discovery?

Columbian Exchange

What were the Spanish explorers called who searched for "God, gold, and glory"? 

Conquistadors

What was the name of the first American settlement in 1665 by Europeans?

St. Augustine

What was the first successful English settlement in the New World (1607)? 

Jamestown

What was the legislature of the Virginia colony called (the first representative government in the New World)? 

House of Burgesses

What was the main reason for the American colonies protestation against British rule?

Taxation

What war put the English into debt and forced them to tax and closely monitor the troops in Boston? 

French and Indian War

What acts were enforced by the English that were already in place What acts were enforced by the English that were already in place? (1760's)

Navigation Acts

What occurred in 1770 that resulted in 5 colonists being shot and killed by British troops in Boston?

Boston Massacre

In 1773 Bostonians protested the Tea Act by staging what famous event?

Boston Tea Party

The first skirmishes of the Revolutionary War occurred in what two towns?

Lexington and Concord

AHSGE Standard II.

What famous English document (signed in 1215 by King John I) was the beginning point for representative government and protection of individual rights?

Magna Carta

Jefferson used this idea (Dec. of Ind Jefferson used this idea (Dec. of Ind.), which allows for a people to overthrow its rulers if their natural rights are no longer being protected. 

Social Contract Theory

Who was the English philosopher who greatly influenced Jefferson as he wrote the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

What French philosopher came up with the idea of a three-branch government?

Montesquieu

What religious movement occurred in the 1730s and 1740s in the colonies?

Great Awakening

What was the first meeting called when 12 colonies sent delegates to Philadelphia to discuss British tyranny (and take action)? 

First Continental Congress

What group sent the Olive Branch Petition and wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Second Continental Congress

What document was sent to the British informing them of colonial independence?

Declaration of Independence

What was the first set of laws governing the U.S.?

Articles of Confederation

What famous convention was held to replace the Articles of Confederation with a more centralized government?

Constitutional Convention

What was the solution to the problem of representation at the convention called?

Great Compromise

What was the solution to the problem of how to count slaves for representation purposes?

Three-fifths Compromise

The Constitution allows for power to be shared between the national government and the states.  What kind of system is this?

Federalism

The opening paragraph of the Constitution ("We the people The opening paragraph of the Constitution ("We the people...") is called what?

Preamble

The Constitution calls for a three-branch government creating a separation of what? 

Powers

What is the clause called which gives Congress broad powers?

Elastic Clause

A word for word interpretation of the Constitution is called...

Strict Construction

A broad interpretation of the Constitution is called...

Loose Construction

What amendment abolished slavery?

13th

What amendment guarantees protection of the laws for all citizens?

14th

What amendment gave the vote to African American males?

15th

What amendment gave the vote to women?

19th

What papers were written by Jay, Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the passage of the Constitution? 

The Federalist Papers

What addition was made to the Constitution giving further protection for individual rights?

Bill of Rights

What two political parties emerged after the debate over ratification of the Constitution?

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

Who developed the economic plan for the U.S. during the 1790's?

Alexander Hamilton

Who warned Americans about competing political parties in his farewell address?

George Washington

Who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years and helped shape a powerful national government?

John Marshall

What famous Supreme Court ruling established judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

AHSGE Standard III.

What act of colonial protestation resulted in the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts being passed by the British parliament?

Boston Tea Party

What document was sent to King George III as a final attempt at peace by the colonists in 1775?

Olive Branch Petition

What American colonist gave the famous speech stating, "give me liberty or give me death?"

Patrick Henry

Who served as the commander of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War? 

George Washington

Who was the leader of the Sons of Liberty?

Samuel Adams

Who made the famous ride warning colonists that the "Redcoats were coming"?

Paul Revere

What battle was the turning point in the Revolutionary War (resulting in France becoming our ally)? 

Saratoga

Where were Washington's troops encamped during the harsh winter of 1777-1778? 

Valley Forge

What was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War (Cornwallis surrendered to Washington)? 

Yorktown

What was the treaty called which gave the U. S What was the treaty called which gave the U.S. its independence from Great Britain? 

Treaty of Paris 1783

The U.S. fought the British again in what war?

War of 1812

What law was passed by Jefferson that disallowed trade with other nations (including Britain) and led to the War of 1812? 

Embargo Act

What term was used to describe the British navy forcing Americans into service? 

Impressment

What ordinance was passed in 1785 that divided territory in the old northwest into townships? 

Land Ordinance of 1785

What ordinance passed in 1787 disallowed slavery in the old northwest?

Northwest Ordinance

What action allowed Jefferson to double the size of the U.S. in 1803?

Louisiana Purchase

Who did Jefferson hire to explore the west?

Lewis & Clark

The post-War of 1812 years were called what (because of prosperity, one political party, etc.)? 

Era of Good Feelings

What year did Alabama become a state?

1819

What famous speech outlined American foreign policy in 1823?

Monroe Doctrine

What law forced the five civilized tribes of the southeast to evacuate What law forced the five civilized tribes of the southeast to evacuate?  (Jackson's tenure) 

Indian Removal Act

What event resulted in the Cherokees marching at gunpoint from GA to OK (1838)? 

Trail of Tears

  List four major trails used by settlers in the western part of the U.S.. 

Santa Fe, Oregon, Mormon, California

Describe the southern economy before the Civil War.

Agriculture: mainly cotton

Describe the northern economy before the Civil War.

Balanced: industrial and agricultural

What country did Texas gain its independence from in 1836?

Mexico

What was the U.S. goal (or fate) named which called for the acquisition of territory in the west (extending the country from sea to sea)? 

Manifest Destiny

Why did the U.S. fight Mexico (Mexican War) in 1846-1848?

Land acquisition (California and New Mexico territories)

What famous meeting in 1848 called for women to demand greater equality and opportunity in the U.S.?

Seneca Falls Convention

Who hosted this convention?

Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

What white abolitionist from Massachusetts produced The Liberator?

William Lloyd Garrison

What black abolitionist from Maryland produced The North Star?

Frederick Douglass

What was the purpose of the Underground Railroad?

To aid the escaped slaves

What black woman used the Underground Railroad to help liberate hundreds of slaves? 

Harriet Tubman

During the reform period of the 1830s and 1840s much of the public called for abstinence from what? 

alcohol consumption

What woman led reform in prisons in the U.S.?

Dorothea Dix

Who led reform in education in the 1800s?

Horace Mann

What religious movement in the early 1800s influenced people to help others (leading to all of these reform movements)? 

Second Great Awakening

What were the communities called which tried to make a "perfect society"? 

Utopian communities

Who founded the Mormon faith? Who led the Mormons to Utah?

Joseph Smith Brigham Young

What War of 1812 battle resulted in the protection of Baltimore and Francis Scott Key's inspiring "Star Spangled Banner"?  William Lloyd Garrison

Ft. McHenry

What War of 1812 battle did Jackson defeat the Creek Indians in AL?

Horseshoe Bend

What War of 1812 battle did Jackson defeat the British after a truce was called? 

New Orleans

Which Supreme Court case (under Marshall) insured that the national government controlled interstate commerce?

Gibbons v. Ogden

Which Supreme Court case (under Marshall) ruled that the national bank was in fact constitutional?

McCulloch v. Maryland

What president gets credit for establishing the spoils system?

Andrew Jackson

South Carolina's attempt to void the Tariff of 1832 was called the...

Nullification Crisis

Whitman, Emerson, and Thoreau were writers of what movement?

Transcendentalism

AHSGE Standard IV.

What congressional solution made California a free state and gave popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and Utah territories? 

Compromise of 1850

What part of the solution in the Compromise of 1850 upset many northerners (there were five parts of this solution)? 

Fugitive Slave Law

What act supported by Stephen Douglas gave popular sovereignty to two territories just west of Missouri? 

Kansas-Nebraska Act

What political party was formed in the 1850's that supported the anti-slavery platform (also, it is known as the party of Lincoln)? 

Republican

What famous court case upheld the right of slave owners as property holders and disallowed slaves to file court cases?

Scott v. Sanford (Dred Scott decision)

Who led the massacre at Pottawatomie Creek, NE and led the raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry?

John Brown

Who won the presidential election in 1860?

Abraham Lincoln

What state was the first to secede from the Union in 1860?

South Carolina

What county in Alabama never seceded from the Union?

Winston County

What state was actually split over the decision to secede and eventually became two states?

Virginia (West Virginia)

What was the most famous of the Black military units to fight in the Civil War?

54th Massachusetts

What act passed by the Republican dominated congress (during the Civil War) gave large land grants to states from the federal government? 

Homestead Act

What act passed by the Republican dominated congress (during the Civil War) gave large land grants to states from the federal government? 

Morill Land Grant Act

What did Lincoln pass on Jan What did Lincoln pass on Jan. 1, 1863 granting freedom to slaves in the Confederate states in rebellion?

Emancipation Proclamation

What did Lincoln suspend during the Civil War, depriving many citizens of their civil rights? 

Writ of Habeas Corpus

What was the first major battle of the Civil War?

First Bull Run

What battle resulted in the single bloodiest day of the Civil War What battle resulted in the single bloodiest day of the Civil War? First Bull Run

Antietam

What major three-day battle did the Confederates (under Lee) lose in Pennsylvania?

Gettysburg

What battle in Mississippi resulted in a complete blockade of the south by the Union? 

Vicksburg

What Union general captured Atlanta and continued southeast to Savannah destroying everything in his path?

General Tecumseh Sherman

What famous speech was given by Lincoln at a consecration ceremony where he reminded Americans of the basic ideal, "All men are created equal?"

Gettysburg Address

Where did Robert E. Lee surrender to Grant in 1865?

Appomattox Courthouse

What was the program called that returned southern states to the Union, rebuilt the South's infrastructure, and attempted to protect the rights of free blacks?

Reconstruction

What were the laws called passed by southern states attempting to control freedmen and keeping them in a subservient position?

Black Codes

What were northerners called who moved to the South, voted Republican, and were scorned by southerners after the Civil War? 

Carpetbaggers

What were southerners called who voted Republican after the Civil War?

Scalawags

What southern secret society emerged during the Reconstruction that harassed, tormented, and killed blacks demanding equality?

Ku Klux Klan

What man served as president during Reconstruction and whose legacy (as president) is remembered as being very corrupt?

President Grant

What congressional solution resulted in Hayes winning the presidential election in 1876 and Reconstruction ending?

Compromise of 1877

What were the laws called passed in southern states after Reconstruction that stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting?

Jim Crow Laws

What type of farming existed in the south after the war where farmers rented land to grow crops?

Tenant farming

What type of farming existed in the south after the war where farmers were forced to share crops with landowners?

Sharecropping

What animal was hunted and heavily relied upon by Plains Indians?

buffalo

What 19th century technological innovation led to the rapid settlement of the western territories? 

railroads

Many Native Americans were forced to live on...

reservations

What great Apache leader surrendered to the U.S. in 1886?

Geronimo

Custer and his cavalry were destroyed by the _____ at the Battle of _______________.  

Sioux, Little Big Horn

Who was the leader of the Sioux nation at the previous battle?

Sitting Bull

The United States government attempted to settle Indians on plots of land to farm with what act? 

Dawes Act

What event resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by U. S What event resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by U.S. troops in 1890? 

Massacre at Wounded Knee

What were the settlers called who staked legal claims to land in Oklahoma?  Boomer Illegal claims?

Sooners

How as the plow improved during the late 1800s?

Plowed several furrows at once.

Why did the open ranges used by cattle disappear?

Barbwire

How did cattle ranchers move their beef back to eastern markets?

long drives, train

What types of new equipment was developed for farming in the late 1800s?

cornhuskers, cornbinders, steam powered threshers

List three complaints of farmers in the late 1800s.

decline in crop prices, tariffs, deflation

How did the farmers organize themselves to fight big business?

Farmer's Alliance

What was the name given to the farmers who organized themselves politically during this period?

The Grange

Who was the presidential candidate in 1896 for the Populists?

James Weaver

What two energy sources were used to power factories in the late 1800s?

Westinghouse and Alternating currents

Who invented the light bulb and electric generators?

Thomas Edison

Who invented the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell

What types of industry was Alabama involved in during the late 1800s?

steel

What were the captains of industry referred to during the late 1800s?

Robber Barons

List three important captains of industry during this time period.

Carnegie, Rockefeller, Samuel Dodd

What theory was used to promote competition in the marketplace?

Social Darwinism

What idea was promoted by Andrew Carnegie that stated the wealthy should give back riches to the community? 

Gospel of Wealth

What novelist wrote many fictional stories promoting hte "rags to riches" theme?

Horatio Alger

What types of labor problems did early unions try and correct?

unsafe working conditions, low wages, shorter working hours

What was the movement called which promoted change in government, business, and social welfare?

Progressivism

What did Theodore Roosevelt call journalists who were intent on exposing corruption at the turn of the century? 

Muckrakers

What novel was highly acclaimed for exposing problems in the meatpacking industry? 

The Jungle

What journalist wrote an expose on Standard Oil?

Ida Tarbell

Who was the African-American who encouraged blacks to seek social justice and equality and was an early leader of the NAACP?

W.E.B. DuBois

What was the movement called that DuBois lead?

Niagara Movement

Who was the African American who encouraged blacks to learn a trade and also founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881? 

Booker T. Washington

What African American man was famous for his work as an agricultural scientist?

George Washington Carver

What famous Supreme Court decision upheld segregation in 1896?

Plessy v. Ferguson

What amendment to the Constitution introduced an income tax?

16th

What amendment introduced prohibition as a national law?

18th

What amendment made the election of senators by popular vote?

17th

What president introduced important conservation methods to preserve millions of acres of western lands? 

Theodore Roosevelt

What act was passed during Wilson's tenure that was intended to break up monopolies? 

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

How did Wilson change the banking system in the United States in 1913?

Established the Federal Reserve System

What commission was set up by Wilson to monitor the practices of businesses? 

Federal Trade Commission

What three parties entered a candidate for president in 1912 What three parties entered a candidate for president in 1912?  Republicans, Progressive, Democrats Who won? 

Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)

The United States joined European nations in a race to conquest smaller, "uncivilized" nations and to gain access to their resources and markets.  This was known as _________.

Imperialism

What territory was annexed by the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean in 1898?

Hawaii

What war did the U.S. become involved in in 1898?

Spanish-American War

What name was given to the sensationalistic journalism that served as a major cause of the Spanish-American War? 

Yellow Journalism

What group of volunteers did T What group of volunteers did T. Roosevelt lead in the famous charge at the Battle of San Juan Hill? 

Rough Riders

What group of islands in the south Pacific did the U. S What group of islands in the south Pacific did the U.S. gain control over as a result of the defeat of the Spanish?

Philippines

President Roosevelt led the movement to build what canal in Central America? 

Panama Canal

What addendum to the Monroe Doctrine was made by Roosevelt justifying American intervention in the South American nations in trouble?

Roosevelt Corollary

How did Taft's foreign diplomacy differ from Roosevelt's?

Dollar Diplomacy

What were the long term causes of the first World War?

Imperialism, Militarism, Nationalism, Alliances

What was the immediate cause of WWI?

The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Why did the U.S. enter the war?

Sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Note

What types of technological innovations were used in WWI?

Tank and submarine

What treaty ended WWI?

Treaty of Versailles

What was the purpose of imperialism?

To expand your country

What type of fighting took place in World War I?

Trench Warfare

Who came up with the idea of the tank?

British

What type of technological innovation did the Germans bring to WWI?

Submarine

Who were the Central Powers?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Who were the Allied Powers?

France, Britain, U.S., Russia, Italy

What acts contributed to the Nativist hatred of immigrants especially during and after WWI?

espionage and sedition

Name several groups of people who benefited from the diminished workforce during WWI. 

Women, African-Americans, Mexican Americans

Which country refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles because the League of Nations was included in it? 

United States

Name the organization in which the nations of the world would join together to ensure security and peace for all members. 

League of Nations

Which president supported the League of Nations?

Woodrow Wilson

Which political party rejected the League of Nations?

Republicans

An intense fear of communism and other extreme ideas that gripped the U.S. during the 1920s. 

Red Scare

Trial in which two immigrants were given an unfair trial due to their ethnic background and were eventually put to death. 

Sacco and Vanzetti

Name of the summer in 1919 in which race riots erupted in about 25 cities nationwide.

Red Summer

By 1922, this organization's membership had grown to about 100,000  and by 1924 to 4 million.

Ku Klux Klan

Migration of blacks from the South to the North for jobs.

Great Migration

A number limit set up by laws to limit annual immigration.

Quota

This type of immigration was banned altogether in the 1920s.

Asian immigration

List several technological innovations in the 1920s.

Cars, planes, home appliances

African American literary awakening of the 1920s.

Harlem Renaissance

African American author of "Their Eyes were Watching God",

Zora Neale Hurston

List three leading poets/writers of the Harlem Renaissance.

Claude McKay, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes

This type of music grew out of African American music in the south, especially ragtime and blues.

Jazz

What type of age is the 1920s referred to as?

Jazz Age

Illegal bars that flourished during prohibition.

Speakeasies

Case over the teaching the theory of evolution in the classroom.

Scopes Trial

During the Great Depression, this made farmers unable to repay their debts for land and machinery.

Falling farm prices

Allowed investors to purchase a stock for only a fraction of its price (10-15%) and borrow the rest.

Buying on margin

The severe economic decline that lasted from 1929 until the U. S The severe economic decline that lasted from 1929 until the U.S.'s entry into WWII in 1941. 

Great Depression

Houses made out of cardboard paper or scrap metal.

Hoovervilles

A region in the Great Plains where drought and dust storms took place for much of the 1930s. 

Duct Bowl 

During his first 100 days Franklin D. Roosevelt pushed this program.

The New Deal

This New Deal program insured bank deposits up to $5,000.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

This public works project was created in 1933 to help farmers and create jobs and hydroelectric power.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

This program put over 2.5 million unmarried men to work.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

This program gave jobs building or improving roads, parks, airports, and other facilities to the unemployed. 

Civil Works Administration

This program provided old-age pensions, disability payments and unemployment benefits. 

Social Security

FDR created this in response to critics who said he was not doing enough for ordinary Americans. 

The Second New Deal

Name the Axis Powers in WWII.

Germany, Italy, Japan

Name the Allies.

U.S., Britain, France, USSR

Giving in to someone's demands in order to keep peace.

Appeasement

Conference in which Britain and France agreed to let Hitler have the Sudetenland.

Munich Conference

On Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invaded this country creating WWII.

Poland

A German tactic in which tanks, soldiers, and moving trucks rapidly attack and are there before the foe has time to react. 

Blitzkrieg

This country began to expand in the Pacific, controlling most of China by 1940.

Japan

On Dec. 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked....

Pearl Harbor

Women participated in the military during the war by belonging to which organizations?

WASPS, WAVES, and WAC's

This battle was the turning point of the war in the east.

Stalingrad

Leader of the U.S. during the war.

F. Roosevelt

Leader of the USSR during the war.

Stalin

Leader of Germany during the war.

Hitler

Leader of Great Britain during the war.

Churchill

Leader of Italy during the war.

Mussolini

After this battle, Japan was unable to launch any more offensive operations in the Pacific. 

Midway

Japanese suicide planes.

Kamikazes

Top secret project to create the atomic bomb.

Manhattan Project

U.S. military leader in Europe.

Eisenhower

U.S. military leader in the Pacific.

McArthur

Places where prisoners of war and political prisoners are confined, usually under harsh conditions. 

Concentration camps

Where did the U.S. drop the atomic bomb?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki