Summarizing, Quoting, and Paraphrasing: Writing about research So this picture is an example of why quoting and paraphrasing correctly is important: because there’s so much information out there, that it’s hard to tell what’s accurate and what isn’t.

Summarizing When summarizing an article, be sure to: Explain the general argument of the article Discuss the author’s main concerns By summarizing before diving into specifics, you can connect the article as a whole to the purpose of your paper (how the article has helped you explore this topic)

What’s a Quote? What’s a Paraphrase? repeat somebody's exact words, “in quotation marks” to refer to something as an example (in support of an argument) Paraphrase: a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words Explain what the definition is, for each. So, I’m sure many of you get the idea of how to quote text, and we’ll go over some examples later. But how many of you guys know how to paraphrase? What would you do when you paraphrase?

You should use direct quotes from a source: When to Use: Quoting You should use direct quotes from a source: to show that an authority supports or refutes your point to present relevant material related to your topic to include certain language (shared language, too) from the article or text you are referencing. Sometimes quoting is a better option than paraphrasing. What are some reasons why you guys quote material? (Try to get one or two responses) Yeah, exactly, it helps you to use a very specific part from the article to support your argument.

Ways to introduce a quote Templates (Ch. 3 of TSIS: According to X, “_____.” In X’s view, “______.” Templates for explaining quote: X’s point is that _________. In other words, X believes that ________.

Use some of these verbs for introducing summaries or quotations: Making a claim: argue, assert, believe, claim, emphasize, insist Expressing agreement: acknowledge, admire, agree, support Questioning or Disagreeing: complain, contradict, question, reject Making recommendations: advocate, call for, encourage, recommend

Example of Quoting Seuss explains, “Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter, and those who matter don't mind” (23). The article explains the importance of self- expression: “Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter, and those who matter don't mind” (Seuss 23). Note the MLA citations, quotation marks, difference in “signal phrasing” due to mentioning author or NOT mentioning author!

When to Use: Paraphrasing You should paraphrase when: what you want from the source is the idea expressed, and not the specific language used to express it you can express in fewer words what the key point of a source is you have a long quote and it would be too blocky/awkward to quote the whole thing Now, why would you choose to paraphrase instead of quote? (Try to get one or two responses). Yes, when you can explain something in your own words to make it shorter, in order to emphasize a key idea or if the quote is really long. Or if you just like the idea. But you still need to cite!

What is NOT a Correct Paraphrase? A paraphrase is considered plagiarism if you: Only change the words. Only change the structure of the sentence. Do not cite “shared language” Do not cite the text So, what’s NOT considered a paraphrase? Well, that’s plagiarism. If you do any of these things, it’s considered plagiarism. Shared language is words that the author uses that you want to use in your essay. You have to put it in quotation marks, even if you are paraphrasing the rest of the material. Even if you use your own words, if you obtained the information or ideas you are presenting from a source, you must document the source. Information: If a piece of information isn't common knowledge (see #3 below), you need to provide a source. Ideas: An author's ideas may include not only points made and conclusions drawn, but, for instance, a specific method or theory, the arrangement of material, or a list of steps in a process or characteristics of a medical condition. If a source provided any of these, you need to acknowledge the source.

How do you Paraphrase Correctly? Put the text/quote in YOUR own words Think of your parents or friends as your audience. How would you explain the quote? AND, cite the words you paraphrased Did your high school teacher teach you that paraphrasing is changing a couple words and you’re good? Yeah, no, that’s NOT okay. You’re still using the author’s text, language, their work… it’s not your own! And either way, you need to cite it. But putting it in your own words is the most important part of a paraphrase.

An Example of Paraphrasing Seuss explains, “Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter, and those who matter don't mind” (23). Since a person’s close friends would not judge his or her feelings, he or she should always express their true feelings (Seuss 23). Keeping the main idea from the quote, also citing, very different in structure, OWN WORDS!

Blending quote with own words To maintain a sense of self-confidence, it is important to “say what you feel” and remember that “those who matter don’t mind” if one’s ideas are radically different from their own (Seuss 23). Let students guess either quote or paraphrase. IT’S BOTH! Putting words into own context, using phrases to emphasize a certain part from the text.

Setting up the “I say” Disagree and explain why (58) “By focusing on ____, X overlooks the deeper problems of _____.” “I disagree with X’s view that _______, because, as recent research has shown, ______.”

Agree, but with a difference (61) “X’s idea of ______ is extremely useful because it sheds light on the difficult problem of _____.” “I agree that ______ because my experience ______ confirms this as well. This is because _______.”

Agree and disagree simultaneously (64) “Although I agree with X up to a point, I do not agree on their assumption that ___.” “While I disagree with much of what X says, I do find their conclusion of ______ to be valuable.”

“They Say” from “I Say” “My view of ________ is contrary to what X has argued.” “Adding to X’s argument, I would point out that _______.” “According to both X and Y, _____.” “The evidence shows that _______.” “These conclusions, which X discusses in _____, add weight to the argument that _____.”