The impact of training on lifestyle diseases Mr Mordue

1. Understand the disease 2. explain how training can reduce risks Discuss what you know about the above 1. Understand the disease 2. explain how training can reduce risks

Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries and can cause blood clots Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen- rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your arteries Reduces the ability of arteries to vasodilate and constrict to regulate blood pressure Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system

Coronary heart disease Causes of coronary heart disease Coronary heart disease is the term that describes what happens when your heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build- up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries. Over time, the walls of your arteries can become furred up with fatty deposits. This process is known as atherosclerosis  The main symptoms of CHD are:  angina (chest pain) heart attacks heart failure Coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of heart attacks. CHD is a condition in which the major blood vessels that supply the heart get clogged up with deposits of cholesterol, known as plaques. Before a heart attack, one of the plaques ruptures (bursts), causing a blood clot to develop at the site of the rupture. The clot may block the supply of blood to the heart, triggering a heart attack. Symptoms of a heart attack can include: chest pain – the chest can feel like it's being pressed or squeezed by a heavy object, and pain can radiate from the chest to the jaw, neck, arms and back shortness of breath  feeling weak and/or lightheaded overwhelming feeling of anxiety It's important to stress that not everyone experiences severe chest pain; the pain can often be mild and mistaken for indigestion. Heart attack

A stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off. Like all organs, the brain needs the oxygen and nutrients provided by blood to function properly. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain injury, disability and possibly death. There are 2 main causes of strokes: ischaemic – where the blood supply is stopped because of a blood clot, accounting for 85% of all cases haemorrhagic – where a weakened blood vessel supplying the brain bursts Stroke

People who survive a stroke are often left with long-term problems caused by injury to their brain. Some people need a long period of rehabilitation before they can recover their former independence, while many never fully recover and need support adjusting to living with the effects of their stroke. Stroke (continued)

A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for CHD and can almost double the chances of a heart attack Exercise reduces the risk of developing CHD especially exercise associated with cardiovascular adaptations Reduces the levels of blood lipids (fats) and slows the development of atherosclerosis Prevents the hardening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls, slowing the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension Decreases blood viscosity helping to prevent blood clots forming Increases blood flow around the heart reducing heart attacks Leads to cardiac hypertrophy, increased ventricular contractility and stroke volume increasing the hearts effeciency. Lowers the strain on the heart Decreased body fat reduces the strain on the heart Increased blood flow and O2 transportation lead to less strain on the heart as fatigue is reduced So what can training do?

The respiratory system Diseases of the airways or alveoli causing breathing difficulties The respiratory system

Constriction of the bronchial airways and inflammation of the mucus membrane Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) of the breathing tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. This makes the tubes highly sensitive, so they temporarily narrow. It may occur randomly or after exposure to a trigger. Common asthma triggers include: allergies – to house dust mites, animal fur or pollen, for example smoke, pollution and cold air exercise infections like colds or flu Asthma

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties. It includes: emphysema – damage to the air sacs in the lungs chronic bronchitis – long-term inflammation of the airways COPD is a common condition that mainly affects middle-aged or older adults who smoke. Many people don't realise they have it. The breathing problems tend to get gradually worse over time and can limit your normal activities, although treatment can help keep the condition under control. Thickening of bronchiole walls, increased mucus production, damage to the alveoli, reduced lung tissue elasticity Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

COPD (continued) The main symptoms of COPD are: increasing breathlessness, particularly when you're active a persistent chesty cough with phlegm – some people may dismiss this as just a "smoker's cough" frequent chest infections persistent wheezing COPD (continued)

A sedentary lifestyle and smoking can of course have an impact on the use of the lungs Regular training can: Increase respiratory muscle strength decreasing respiratory effort Decrease resting and sub maximal frequency of breathing reducing fatigue Increase airflow and alleviate breathlessness Maintain full use of lung tissue and elasticity Increase surface area of alveoli and pulmonary capillaries Effects of training