National greenhouse gas inventories and official statistics - Finnish experiences Riitta Pipatti Statistics Finland Conference on Climate Change, Development and Official Statistics Seoul, Republic of Korea 11 – 12 December 2008

11-12 December 20082Riitta Pipatti Contents National greenhouse gas inventories Finlands national greenhouse gas inventory system Current data needs and role of statistics Future data needs Conclusions

11-12 December 20083Riitta Pipatti National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Mandatory reporting for all Parties of the Climate Convention (UNFCCC) Annex I Parties annual reporting and annual review by international review teams Non-Annex I Parties periodic reporting as part of the national communication, no reviews (every four years, most non-Annex I Parties finalising their 2nd NCs)

11-12 December 20084Riitta Pipatti National greenhouse gas inventories Gases: CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, PFCs, HFCs and SF 6 (air pollutants also reported but not part of the Kyoto Protocol) Reporting of actual, annual emissions Sectors: energy; industrial processes; solvent and other product use; agriculture, land use; land-use change and forestry; waste; other International transport – reported but not part the Kyoto Protocol accounting framework Methodologies from simple calculations: emissions = activity data X emission factor to complex model calculations, e.g. first- order day model to estimate methane emissions from landfills

11-12 December 20085Riitta Pipatti National greenhouse gas inventories Reporting requirements for Annex I Parties Submissions under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol by 15 April each year, strict timeline, >6 week delay ==> loss of eligibility to use Kyoto Mechanisms strict reporting format (Common Reporting Format (CRF) tables, National Inventory Report NIR) strict requirements on methodologies: IPCC guidelines and good practice guidance

11-12 December 20086Riitta Pipatti IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Revised 1996 Guidelines 2000 Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management(GPG2000) Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (GPG- LULUCF) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

11-12 December 20087Riitta Pipatti UNFCCC reporting format (Common Reporting Format - CRF)

11-12 December 20088Riitta Pipatti National greenhouse gas inventories Requirements on legal, institutional and procedural arrangements National systems under Article 5, para 2 of the Kyoto Protocol single entity responsible for the inventory to ensure capacity (resources, competence) for timely performance meeting the reporting requirements Quality management - continuous improvement; tiered approach; certain QC/QA measures mandatory (IPCC Tier 1) mandatory - reviewed

11-12 December 20089Riitta Pipatti National greenhouse gas inventories General requirements/inventory principles transparency (CRF tables, National Inventory Report) consistency (time series, consistency among sectors/categories) comparability (among Parties of the UNFCCC) completeness accuracy (no systematic over/underestimation; uncertainties reduced as far as practicable) UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and European Statistics Code of Practice : aim largely to the same goal; differences in scope, detail and terminology

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Finlands National System Statistics Finland - national entity with overall responsibility since 2005 Statistics Act: access to administrative data established procedures for data processing incl. confidentiality, verification and validation of data objectivity in inventory reporting Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories in Finland since early 1990s - current system more resources and expertise, more formalised system (detailed agreements and protocols on responsibilities)

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Finlands National System

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Finlands GHG inventory

Trend in Finnish GHG emissions 1990 to December Riitta Pipatti

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Relying mainly on data from the existing statistical system close collaboration with energy statistics (mutual benefits) much of the data register-based - the registers are not always consistent no gaps allowed; Kyoto Protocol - conservative adjustments no overlaps or double-counting of the emissions and removals allowed ensuring completeness and consistency can be resource consuming (e.g. land-use data in Finland) Finlands GHG Inventory - Data collection

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Finlands GHG Inventory - Data collection data on F-gases, some industrial processes and peat production areas collected with direct queries (efforts to reduce the burden on data providers) data from the emission trading registry used directly or for verification part of the data (mainly emission factors, parameters) for specific categories are based on research studies, measurement programmes, expert opinion, etc; these studies are resource consuming reporting and reviews - specific modalities for disclosure of confidential data

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Current and future data needs and the role of statistics Quality and availability of activity data crucial for the quality of the national greenhouse gas inventory official statistics the most important sources of data cover much of the need, but not all timelines of data in developing countries - significant lack of data

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Current and future data needs and the role of statistics Importance of the emission data and the links to economic data enhanced CRF does not fully follow ISIC/NACE classifications difficult if not impossible to combine data over sectors by branch of industry (depends on metadata available) Finland – part of the metadata collected at process/plant or company level and ISIC/NACE classification recorded in the data system (energy, industrial processes)

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Current and future data needs and the role of statistics What statistical offices can do to facilitate the preparation and development of inventories: statistical data collection - to take the inventory needs into account in the development and prioritization of data collection harmonisation of classifications (CRF vs. ISIC/NACE) on long term -mapping between the classifications on short term Increased collaboration and dialog - the key issue national collaboration international collaboration (IPCC, UNFCCC)

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Future data needs UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol negotiations for future commitment periods ongoing framework, structure of commitments may change sectoral commitments? -- enhanced need of data by ISIC/NACE classification MRV - measurable, reportable, verifiable additional reporting on all commitments (emissions, policies and measures, technology transfer, funding, etc.): International statistical community - active participation and input in the UNFCCC and IPCC processes

11-12 December Riitta Pipatti Thank you! Information on Statistics Finland and the Finnish National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System at and Information on IPCC, the Climate Convention and Kyoto Protocol, unfccc.int