Electric Mobility: From increased efficiency to Zero Emissions 1

54 Mobility is part of modern life 25 - 30% of energy usage in developed countries Issue traffic jams Facts and figures US: Per year drivers spend approximately a working week (54 hours) in jams UK: In total 31.3 million hours of delay in 10% of journeys (expected to rise to 25% by 2015) Consequences for citizens Germany: Experts estimate that traffic jams cost the German economy €100 billion each year London: £2 billion is lost to industry and business each year through delays caused by traffic jams Beijing: Traffic jams cost the city's economy €1.1 bn. a year Consequences for economy Germany: 14 billion litres of fuel per year wasted in jams or slow moving traffic (approximately 17% of total vehicle consumption) This adds 35 million tons to the amount of carbon dioxide spewed into the atmosphere Consequences for environment and resources Sources: Business Wire, Texas Transportation Institute, The Evening Standard, Business Daily Update, BMW Group 2

A first answer : A Ballymena Hybrid: More efficient, cleaner, quieter 3

No answer: A Stuttgart Hybrid: Even faster, even louder, even more brutal Electric 116hp front, 129hp rear, 0-100k in 8sec,125kph,25k range 800hp, 4.6litre V8, 3l/100km ?:) ? 4

Sustainable Mobility means Electric Mobility Germany: 14 billion litres of fuel per year wasted in jams or slow moving traffic (approximately 17% of total vehicle consumption) This adds 35 million tons to the amount of carbon dioxide spewed into the atmosphere. Belfast Dublin 5

Electric Energy Storage options Range Anxiety Electric Energy Storage options Battery: Chemical Energy Storage Ions participate in reversible chemical reactions at the electrodes Ultracapacitor: Electrostatic Energy Storage Ions attracted to charged surfaces of porous electrodes, held there electrostatically Source: Gonder, Pesaran, Lustbader, NREL USA 2010 6

Sustainable Mobility means Shared Electric Mobility Options Hybrid Drives New Bus for London Ebus Vienna Wireless tram Qatar Education City eHighway German trials 7

Another Petrol Head option but electric game changers coming 8

Mobility, not Ownership Changing Habits, Changing Answers… Velib’ Autolib’ Mobility, not Ownership 9

44.6% efficiency primary to socket renewables: 88% primary to socket Charging >85% efficient Inverter/motor >85% -> 32%/64% primary to wheel Diesel? 38% automotive mechanical output 40% idling/braking -> 23% primary to wheel Network efficiency equivalent to best diesels Car typically 33% to mobility and services Electric:losses charging and drive efficiency (motor >97%) 10

Road transport usage RoI 3567 ktoe for road transport @<20% primary to wheel = 700 ktoe at wheel @32% power conversion = 2100 ktoe primary to power plant = about 1700MW gas plant @64% power conversion = 1100 ktoe renewables input = about 4.5GW wind 11

116hp electric, 1.5l/130hp ICE, 68hp starter&generator 1 gear for ICE, 1l/100km, 50-70km electric iCE & electric over 55kp, ICE only over 130kph 12

13