Airport Air Quality: Health Effects Michael T. Kleinman University of California, Irvine

Background §Airport pollution sources consist of aircraft and on-ground off-road airport equipment. §Airports rank among the top 10 industrial air pollution sources in their cities. §Emissions from airports include fine particles, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. §On-road vehicle traffic (automobiles and trucks) also contribute to community exposures.

Background §One 747 arriving and departing from an airport emits about the same amount of particles as a car driven over 5,600 miles. §It emits about the amount of nitrogen oxides as a car driven nearly 26,500 miles. §Aircraft pollution accounts for about 1.4% of all air pollution from mobile sources (EPA). §Aircraft account for up to 4% of global warming gases (carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide).

Pollutant Health Issues: Hydrocarbons §Toxic air contaminants l Benzene l Solvents l Aldehydes l 1,3 butadiene §Contribution to formation of Ozone

Pollutant Health Issues: Nitrogen Oxides §Emitted by all combustion sources. §Human Health Effects l Respiratory Illness and Increased Susceptibility to infections. l Increased airway responsiveness. l Decreased pulmonary function. l Immunological changes.

Pollutant Health Issues: Carbon Monoxide §Product of incomplete combustion. §Human Health Effects l Hospital Admissions (Congestive heart failure) l Decreased time to onset of angina. l Increased susceptibility to abnormal heartbeats. l Possible developmental effects.

Pollutant Health Issues: Particulate Matter §Airport-related particles contain toxic constituents and are of a size that can readily penetrate to the deep lung. §Airport-related particles can remain airborne for long periods of time and therefore can exert effects over large geographical distances.