1. AIR POLLUTION REVIEW 1.WHAT ARE THE TWO MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE TRIAD?

2. AIR POLLUTION REVIEW 1.WHAT ARE THE TWO MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE TRIAD? A.PARTICULATES B.OZONE

3. 2. WHAT IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF BOTH OF THESE POLLUTANTS?

4. VEHICLES (CARS AND TRUCKS)

5. 3. DOES SIZE MATTER WITH PARTICULATE POLLUTION? IF SO, WHY?

6. YES. THE SMALLER THE PARTICULATE PARTICLES, THE DEEPER INTO THE LUNGS THEY CAN BE INHALED.

7. 4. EPA RECOGNIZES TWO SIZE CATEGORIES OF PARTICULATES. WHAT ARE THEY?

8. COARSE PARTICULATES – BETWEEN 10 AND 2.5 MICRONS FINE PARTICULATES – LESS THAN 2.5 MICRONS

9. 5. WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF THESE PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS?

10. COARSE PARTICULATES – DUST FROM ROADWAYS AND CONSTRUCTION AS WELL AS COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS FINE PARTICULATES – COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS AND VEHICLE EMISSIONS AS WELL AS SMOKE FROM FIRES

11. 6. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PRIMARY AND A SECONDARY POLLUTANT?

12. A PRIMARY POLLUTANT IS A POLLUTANT THAT IS EMITTED DIRECTLY FROM A SOURCE. A SECONDARY POLLUTANT IS FORMED THROUGH CHEMICAL REACTIONS FROM A PRIMARY POLLUTANT.

13. 7. IS OZONE A PRIMARY OR A SECONDARY POLLUTANT? WHY?

14. SECONDARY – IT IS FORMED THROUGH CHEMICAL REACTIONS BETWEEN OXIDES OF NITROGEN, VOC’S (UNBURNED HYDROCARBONS), AND OXYGEN IN THE AIR USING SUNLIGHT FOR ENERGY.

15. 8. WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF MATERIALS THAT REACT TO FORM GROUN LEVEL OZONE?

16. 8. WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF MATERIALS THAT REACT TO FORM GROUND LEVEL OZONE? OXIDES OF NITROGEN CAN COME FROM VEHICLE EMISSIONS OR COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS. UNBURNED HYDROCARBONS COME PRIMARILY FROM VEHICLE EMISSIONS.

17. 9.WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUND LEVEL OZONE AND STRATOSPHERIC OZONE?

18. GROUND LEVEL OZONE IS HARMFUL TO HUMAN HEALTH. STRATOSPHERIC OZONE BLOCKS UV RADIATION AND IS NECESSARY FOR HUMAN HEALTH. GOOD UP HIGH. BAD NEARBY.

19. 10. WHY IS GROUND LEVEL OZONE HARMFUL?

20. OZONE IS VERY REACTIVE. IT CAN IRRITATE OR PERMANENTLY DAMAGE LUNG TISSUE.

21. 11. HOW DO TALL STACKS IMPACT GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS THAT ARE EMITTED BY THE STACKS?

22. THEY DILLUTE THE POLLUTANTS, BUT THEY DON’T ELIMINATE THE POLLUTANTS. SMOKES CONTINUALLY EXPANDS AFTER COMING OUT THE TOP OF A STACK. AS THE SMOKE MOVES DOWN WIND, IT IS CONTINUALLY BEING DILLUTED, SO BY THE TIME THE STACK EMISSIONS REACH THE GROUND, THEY ARE CONSIDERABLY DILLUTED.

23. 12. WHEN THE CLEAN AIR ACT WAS PUT IN PLACE, EPA WAS CHARGED WITH REGULATING SIX “CRITERIA” AIR POLLUTANTS. OZONE AND PARTICULATES WERE TWO OF THEM. WHAT WERE THE OTHER FOUR?

24. CARBON MONOXIDE OXIDES OF NITROGEN SULFUR DIOXIDE LEAD

25. 13. SINCE 1975, THE AMOUNT OF LEAD EMMITED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE HAS BEEN REDUCED BY ______%. HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?

26. 13. SINCE 1975, THE AMOUNT OF LEAD EMMITED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE HAS BEEN REDUCED BY __94__%. HOW DID THIS HAPPEN? THE USE OF LEAD IN GASOLINE WAS BANNED.

27. 14. THERE WAS ONE EXCEPTION TO THE USE OF LEAD IN GASOLINE. WHAT WAS IT?

28. LEAD CAN STILL BE USED IN AVIATION GASOLINE.

29. 15. WHY WAS LEAD USED IN GASOLINE?

30. TO INCREASE THE OCTANE RATING.

31. 16. WHAT IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF OXIDES OF NITROGEN?

32. COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUEL – MOSTLY VEHICULAR

33. 17. WHY ARE OXIDES OF NITROGEN CONSIDERED A POLLUTANT?

34. THEY ARE A DANGER TO HUMAN HEALTH, THEY CONTRIBUTE TO ACID RAIN, AND THEY ARE INVOLVED IN FORMATION OF GROUND LEVEL OZONE.

35. 18. WHY IS SULFUR DIOXIDE CONSIDERED A POLLUTANT?

36. IT IS A DANGER TO HUMAN HEALTH, IT CONTRIBUTES TO HAZE, AND IT CONTRIBUTES TO ACID RAIN.

37. 19. WHAT IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF SULFUR DIOXIDE POLLUTION?

38. COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS

39. 20. WHAT IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF OUTDOOR CARBON MONOXIDE?

40. COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS

41. 21. WHY WOULD CARBON MONOXIDE BE CONSIDERED A HAZARD?

42. IT BINDS TO HEMOGLOBIN IN RED BLOOD CELLS AND REDUCES THE OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY OF BLOOD.

43. 22. NAME 4 INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS THAT EPA IS CONCERNED WITH.

44. CARBON MONOXIDE MOLD SPORES RADON GAS SECOND HAND TOBACCO SMOKE FORMALDEHYDE FINE PARTICULATES

45. 23. WHERE WOULD THE GREATEST DANGER OF CARBON MONOXIDE AS AN INDOOR AIR POLLUTANT COME FROM?

46. UNVENTED SPACE HEATERS OR PROBLEMS WITH VENT PIPES FROM FIRE PLACES OR HEATERS

47. 24. WHERE WOULD THE GREATEST DANGER OF FORMALDEHYDE COME FROM?

48. OUTGASSING OF PRESSED WOOD PRODUCTS OR CARPET

49. 25. IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, WHAT IS THE GREATEST DANGER FROM INDOOR AIR POLLUTION?

50. OPEN FIRES FOR COOKING AND HEATING

51. 26. WHAT PROBLEM IS THE ARAL SEA FACING?

52. LOSS OF WATER DUE TO DIVERSION OF WATER FROM RIVERS THAT EMPTY INTO THE ARAL SEA FOR IRRIGATION

53. 27. WHY DID THIS HAPPEN (ARAL SEA SHRINKAGE)?

54. THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT DECIDED TO USE THE WATER TO IRRIGATE COTTON CROPS