Cellular Respiration

How do I get energy from this banana?

What is Cellular Respiration? Cellular respiration is breaking down glucose using oxygen. It produces carbon dioxide, water and ATP.

Equation for Cellular Respiration Oxygen + Glucose Carbon Dioxide + Water + 36 ATP 6 O2 + C6H12O6 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP

The Mitochondria The organelle important in Cellular Respiration is the mitochondrion. Bean shaped organelle Internal membrane has folds that increase the surface area of the membrane The space between the inner and outer membrane is called the intermembrane space The space inside the inner membrane is called the matrix

Energy Glucose stores energy ATP is the usable form of energy for the cell The energy in glucose must be transferred to ATP

Glycolysis Breaking down glucose all at once would burn up the cell; therefore glucose must be broken down in steps: Glycolysis is the first step (Glyco- means sugar and Lysis means to break) Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acids and 2 ATP molecules. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.

Glycolysis From here there are two possible paths depending on whether there is oxygen available or not. If there is oxygen the process will be aerobic If there is no oxygen the process will be anaerobic

Aerobic The energy in the pyruvic acids is used to make ATP from ADP there are 2 stages to this: Krebs Cycle Using oxygen, enzymes break down pyruvic acid to forming 3 CO2 molecules, 2 ATP, and high-energy electron carriers. This occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

Aerobic 2. Electron Transport Chain Uses the high-energy electron carriers to convert ADP into ATP This occurs in the inner membrane of the Mitochondria.

Anaerobic Fermentation : allows for glycolysis to continue to produce ATP even if there is no oxygen present Different organisms have different end products of fermentation

Anaerobic Lactic Acid Fermentation: occurs in the cytoplasm of animal, bacterial, and fungal cells. converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid. When lactic acid builds up in muscle cells it causes burning and fatigue. This process in bacteria and fungi is used for the production of yogurt and cheeses. In humans, it results in being sore after a hard aerobic workout

Anaerobic Alcoholic Fermentation: occurs in the cytoplasm of yeast and plant cells converts pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. This process is used in the production of alcoholic beverages and rising breads (Carbon dioxide bubbles make yeast breads rise).

End Products In the end the aerobic process of cellular respiration produces 36 ATPs from one glucose. The anaerobic process of fermentation produces only 2 ATP (from glycolysis) from each glucose. Therefore fermentation does not make as many ATP molecules for each glucose molecule so it is only used as a last resort.

3 Main Stages of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain After all three stages, 36 ATP is made!

Exit Slip On a separate sheet of paper, write the key points for cellular respiration. You must have at least three points in complete sentences Turn into your tray when finished.