Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones

Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes and Ketones A carbonyl group, in an aldehyde, is attached to at least one H atom in a ketone, is attached to two carbon groups

Guide to Naming Aldehydes

Naming Aldehydes An aldehyde has an IUPAC name in which the e in the alkane name is changed to al has a common name for the first four aldehydes that use the prefixes form- (1C), acet- (2C), propion- (3C), and butyr- (4C), followed by -aldehyde

Names of Some Typical Aldehydes

Aldehydes in Flavorings Several naturally occurring aldehydes are used as flavorings for foods and fragrances. Benzaldehyde (almonds) Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon)

Naming Ketones Ketones are named in the IUPAC system by replacing the e in the alkane name with one; the carbonyl carbon is indicated by a number with a common name by indicating the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group in alphabetical order followed by ketone.

Guide to Naming Ketones

Ketones in Common Use Butter flavoring Solvent: nail polish remover (acetone, propanone, dimethylketone)

Learning Check Classify each as an 1) aldehyde or 2) ketone. A. C. B.

Solution Classify each as an 1) aldehyde or 2) ketone. A. C. B. D.

Learning Check Classify each as an 1) aldehyde, 2) ketone, 3) alcohol, or 4) ether. B. CH3─O─CH3 A. D. C.

Solution A. B. CH3─O─CH3 1) ketone 4) ether C. D. 3) alcohol 2) aldehyde

Learning Check Name each of the following: 1. 2. 3.

Solution 1. Pentanal 2. 3-Chloropropanal 3. 2-Butanone; ethyl methyl ketone

Learning Check Name the following compounds: A. B. C.

Solution Name the following compounds: A. B. 2-Pentanone; methyl propyl ketone C. Cyclohexanone 3,3-Dimethylbutanal

Learning Check Draw the condensed structural formulas for each of the following: A. 4-Methylpentanal B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone

Solution A. 4-Methylpentanal B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone