First Aid

Key Terms First Aid - help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available. Splinting - is a piece of medical equipment used to keep an injured body part from moving and to protect it from any further damage. Heat Injury - a condition marked by fever and often by unconsciousness, caused by failure of the body's temperature-regulating mechanism when exposed to excessively high temperatures.

Key Terms (Cont.) Casualty - a person badly affected physically or mentally by an event or situation Burns - an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame. Fracture - break or cause to break, open or close. Poison - Any substance that can cause severe organ damage or death if ingested, breathed in, or absorbed through the skin.

Key Terms (Cont.) Cuts - Severed skin. Washing a cut or scrape with soap and water to clean and dry and applying a band aid is all that is required to care for most small cuts.

What is the purpose of First Aid The purpose of first aid is to minimize injury and future disability. In serious cases, First Aid may be necessary to keep the victim alive.

The objectives of First Aid To stop the bleeding Overcome shock Relieve pain Prevent infection

Splinting Splinting - is a piece of medical equipment used to keep an injured body part from moving and to protect it from any further damage.

How To Treat Splinting

Heat Injuries Heat Injury - a condition marked by fever and often by unconsciousness, caused by failure of the body's temperature-regulating mechanism when exposed to excessively high temperatures. There are 3 types of heat injuries Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke

Heat Injuries Heat injuries result primarily from excessive loss of salt from the body. This condition occurs when individuals who have been actively sweating don`t replace the salt loss in their sweat.

Heat Injury Symptoms Painful contractions of muscles (normally the extremities and abdominal muscles). Body temperatures is normal unless heat cramps are accompanied by heat exhaustion.

Fractures Fracture - break or cause to break, open or close.

Fractures There are two types of basic fractures The first is the open fracture (compound) The second is the closed fracture (simple)

How to treat fractures A fracture often requires emergency treatment at a hospital. An example of a minor fracture that may not require emergency care is a fracture of the tip of a toe. If you think that bones may be broken in the back, neck, or hip, do not move the person and call 911.

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Burns Burns - an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame.

Types of Burns First Degree Burn - is superficial and causes local inflammation of the skin. Sunburns often are categorized as first degree burns. The inflammation is characterized by pain, redness, and a mild amount of swelling. The skin may be very tender to touch. Second degree burns - are deeper and in addition to the pain, redness and inflammation, there is also blistering of the skin. Third degree burns are deeper still, involving all layers of the skin, in effect killing that area of skin. Because the nerves and blood vessels are damaged, third degree burns appear white and leathery and tend to be relatively painless.

Burns Treatments Minor burns will heal over time and usually home treatment is all you need If you have a more than a minor burn get first aid treatment and get a doctor

Casualty Casualty - a person badly affected physically or mentally by an event or situation

Causes of Casualty It could be any type of injury from anywhere A casualty may or may not show signs and/or symptoms of an injury. Before treating a casualty, ensure YOUR safety first! Notify or tell another person to notify medical professionals as you give care. If you do not know how to administer care, do not guess on what to do. Get help!

Treatment of a casualty Step 1:Check for responsiveness Step 2:Check for any type of injury that they might have Step 3: Get help

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Poison Poison - Any substance that can cause severe organ damage or death if ingested, breathed in, or absorbed through the skin.

Causes of Poison You get poisoned from substances like plants or chemicals getting into your body through various methods.

Treatment of Poison Usually it depends on what plant or a chemical that you have on your skin or inside your body. Poison requires immediate professional medical attention! Do not wait. Contact poison control and seek help as soon as possible.

Cuts Cuts - Severed skin. Washing a cut or scrape with soap and water to clean and dry and applying a band aid is all that is required to care for most small cuts.

Causes of Cuts Cuts can be caused by something sharp such as paper, scissors, thorns, etc.

Treatment of Cuts Usually most cuts are minor and can be treated with a band aid or something to cover it temporarily Cleanliness = the greatest preventative measure for disease!

Three Types of Bleeding Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heartbeat Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound

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