Roles of Clinical Engineers in Education Hiroki IGETA 1), 2), 3) Takeshi IFUKU1), Jun YOSHIOKA1), 2), Keiko FUKUTA1), Tomoyuki NOMURA1), Tomotaka NARAMURA 1), 2), Tadayuki KAWASAKI 1), 2), Takashi HONMA1) 1) Japan Association for Clinical Engineers 2) Clinical Engineering Global Promotion Foundation 3) Aso Iizuka Hospital

Clinical Engineers : Japan ・ Clinical Engineer License System Established in 1987 National License ・ Education 4 years education in university or 3 years education at a polytechnic college

The Facts Operating Equipment in the Clinical Environment 40% Respiratory therapy Perfusion (HEART-LUNG machine) Dialysis (Dialysis equipment) Operative treatment (Surgical equipment) Intensive care units Cardiac catheterization Catheter abrasion for arrhythmias Hyperbaric oxygen therapy Other treatment (defibrillators) Pacemaker, ICD, CRT Service Delivery Management 20% Patient Safety 20% Healthcare Technology Management (HTM) 20%

To be a Clinical Engineer High School Other Medical License holders Designated Schools 4 years 　 　3 years Postgraduate Course (Master, Doctorate) Designated Schools 1 year or 2 years university university college college Graduation National Examination Certified Clinical Engineer License issued by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare

Education and Training Introduction to Clinical Medicine Anatomy Pathology Public Health Clinical Physiology Clinical Immunology Clinical Biochemistry Clinical Pharmacology Clinical Psychology Clinical Nursing etc. There are 79 designated universities and colleges with clinical engineering courses in Japan. The contents are specified by the ordinance for clinical engineering training institutions (Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare Ordinance No. 2, 1988)(Table 1) . Each university and college builds and provides educational programs in accordance with the essential contents. Practical clinical training in hospitals is also mandatory in the specialised fields. Applied Mathematics Electrical Engineering Electronics Engineering Measurement Engineering Biomaterial Engineering Mechanical Engineering etc. Table 1. Essential Education Contents CONTENTS BASIC FIELDS The Foundation of Scientific Thinking Humanity and Life SPECIALISED BASIC FIELDS Structure and Function of the Human Body Basic Medicine Basic Science and Engineering Basic Medical Information Technology and System Engineering SPECIALISED FIELDS Medical Bioengineering Medical Instrument Science Biomedical Technology Medical Safety Management Clinical Medicine Practical Clinical Training Biomedical Measurement Instruments Practice in Biomedical Measurement Instruments Medical Therapeutic Devices Practice in Medical Therapeutic Devices Principles of Artificial Organs Practice in Artificial Organs Principles of Respiratory Devices Practice in Respiratory Devices Principles of Blood purification Applied technology in Blood Purification Practice in Blood Purification Principles of Extracorporeal Circulation Devices Practice in Extracorporeal Circulation Devices etc.

Our Clinical Fields (Example: Aso Iizuka Hospital) HTM Haemodialysis Operation Room Operation Assistance Perfusion Intensive Care Cardiac Catheter (intervention) Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Capsule Endoscopy (Interpretation) Pacemaker Clinic Endoscopy Staff Education

Japan Association for Clinical Engineers (JACE) JACE was established under the approval of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) in March 2002. The objective of JACE is to contribute to the promotion and development of the nation’s medical care and welfare through the raise of professional ethics of CEs, enhancement of their professional knowledge and skills, and improvement of reliability of equipment-based medical care and welfare, including life-support systems. About 40,000 licensed Clinical Engineers in Japan About 19,000 of them are the members of JACE

Roles of JACE Organisations of JACE Safety Management Activities in Clinical Engineering Fields Awareness Activities Development of Knowledges and Skills, and Quality Improvement Welfare for the Members Publishing Books and Journals Organisations of JACE The General Assembly Management Committee Work-Life Balance Committee Ethics and Legal Committee Statistics Committee Intensive Care Committee Respiratory Care Committee Home Care Committee Safety Management Committee etc. Finance Committee Haemodialysis Related Safety Committee Vascular Access Management Committee Disaster Response Committee International Committee Medical-Academia-Industrial Collaboration Committee Journal Editorial Committee News Letter Editorial Committee etc. JACE Academy Management Committee Certification System Committee JACE Award Management Committee etc. General Affairs Dept. 20 committees Finance Dept. The General Assembly Board 1 committee Election administration committee Operation Dept. 14 committee Academic Dept. 11 committee

The Republic of The Union of Myanmar Expansion Japanese CE Education System into Overseas Human Resource Development in Medical Engineering Fields in Myanmar CEGPF Clinical Engineering Global Promotion Foundation UMT-Y University of Medical Technology, Yangon MoHS Ministry of Health and Sports The Republic of The Union of Myanmar JACE Japan Association for Clinical Engineers JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

Medical Engineering Course Candidates Structure of Human Resource Development in Medical Engineering in Myanmar Medical Engineering Course Candidates currently working in hospitals or medical service offices in states/regions MoHS continues job contracts Entry One Year ME Course UMT-Y University of Medical Technology, Yangon MoHS Myanmar Ministry of Health and Sports CEGPF Clinical Engineering Global Promotion Foundation JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JACE Japan Association for Clinical Engineers Graduation Secure Job Assignment By MoHS ME Offices in states/region Certification of Diploma Master Degree Hospitals Trainers/Lecturers in One-year ME course

Conclusion Japanese clinical engineer system is unique as it allows CEs operate medical equipment. To be a CE, 3-4 years education is required and the curriculum is basically standardised. Japanese education system can be applied to the other countries.