Scientific Realization of Practicable Power Plant P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department An appropriate amalgamation of Science & Ingenuity…..
A Major Crossroad Confusion: How to go from <6% to 75% Efficiency ???????
Engineering of Carnot Cycle
A Major Crossroad Confusion: How to go from <6% to 75% Efficiency ???????
Rankine, William John Macquorn (1820-1872)
A Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers (1859) William John Macquorn Rankine This law (regarding the theoretical efficiency of heat engines by Mr. Joule), and the law of the maximum efficiency of heat engines, are particular cases of a general law which regulates all transformation of energy, and is the basis of the Science of Energetics.
A MANUAL of the STEAM ENGINE and other PRIME MOVERS 1859 Rankine The conventional name “work of the thermodynamics ” by Rankine. Rankine is the largest meritorious person who in addition raises the technology of the steam engine to science, the word, "energy " is something due to him. Harmony meaning of this work becomes " the manual of the steam engine and the other motive for action machines “. The chapter " of thermodynamics " advocated the cyclic process which is called Rankine cycle. This was related to the policy of researching the steam engine theoretically, brought the progress of the steam engine.
Rankine, William John Macquorn (1820-1872) In 1849 he delivered two papers on the subject of heat, and in 1849 he showed the further modifications required to French physicist Sadi Carnot's theory of thermodynamics. In A Manual of the Steam Engine and other Prime Movers 1859, Rankine described a thermodynamic cycle of events (the Rankine cycle). This came to be used as a standard for the performance of steam-power installations where a considerable vapour provides the working fluid. Rankine here explained how a liquid in the boiler vaporized by the addition of heat converts part of this energy into mechanical energy when the vapour expands in an engine. As the exhaust vapour is condensed by a cooling medium such as water, heat is lost from the cycle. The condensed liquid is pumped back into the boiler.
How about a modified cycle - A Rankine cycle To avoid transporting and compressing two-phase fluid, try to condense all fluid exiting from the turbine into saturated liquid before compressed it by a pump. when the saturated vapor enters the turbine, its temperature and pressure decrease and liquid droplets will form by condensation. x These droplets can produce significant damages to the turbine blades due to corrosion and impact. One possible solution: superheating the vapor. It can also increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Ideal Rankine Cycle
Layout of Equipment :The Simple Rankine Cycle
Pump : ADIABATIC Process 1 2 SSSF: Conservation of mass First Law : No heat transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible
2 – 3 : Boiler: Isobaric Heating : p3 = p2 QCV 3 2 No work transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving…
Turbine : Adiabatic Process :s4=s3 No heat transfer. Change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving…
4 – 1 : Condenser : Isobaric Cooling : p4 = p1 QCV 4 1 No work transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving…
Analysis of Rankine Power Plant First law for a Power Plant:
Cost to Benefit Ratio Analysis of Rankine Cycle
Multiple Inflows & Multiple Outlets !!! The Steam Power Plant Executes a Thermodynamic Cycle using an assembly of CVs Multiple Inflows & Multiple Outlets !!!