Module 2 States of Matter with Properties Unit 1: Matter Module 2 States of Matter with Properties

States of Matter Matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion. This constant motion gives the particles kinetic energy (energy of movement) The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles of the substance. As these particles move, they attract, or pull, other particles towards themselves. The state of matter is determined by how fast the particles move and how strongly attracted they are to one another.

Solid Particles have low kinetic energy Particles cannot flow (particles flow when they move past one another) Solids have a definite shape and volume and are not compressible. A solid maintains its volume and shape because the particles in it are packed tightly and are held together by strong attractive forces. Particles vibrate in relatively fixed positions

Liquid Particles are relatively close together, but have enough energy to move past one another (flow) Therefore, liquids take the shape of their container However, liquid still have a definite volume and are not compressible. Particles have more kinetic energy than those of solids, but less than those of gases

Gas Particles have high kinetic energy—they move rapidly in all directions and are far apart A gas expands to fill its container, taking on the volume and the shape of the container Gases expand with an increase in temperature. Gases are compressible

States of Matter Summary Definite Volume? Definite Shape? Temp. increase Compressible? Small Expans. Solid YES NO YES Small Expans. Liquid NO NO YES Large Expans. Gas NO NO YES

Key Terms Compressibility - the ability to move (or squeeze) particles closer together