1. 6.P.2.2

2. What are the properties of solids, liquids, gasses?
background information

3. Matter can exist in 3 basic states.
background information

4. The 3 basic states of matter are Solids, Liquids and Gases.
(Just about) Everything found on earth can be grouped into one of these 3 basic states.
background information

5. SHAPE … how does it maintain its shape?
We can look at these 3 properties to figure out which state of matter an object is:
SHAPE … how does it maintain its shape?
MASS … how much matter does the
object have?
VOLUME … how much space does it take
up?
background information

6. Solids: Atoms are tightly packed and DO NOT move past each other
Solids: Atoms are tightly packed and DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in place.
A substance in a solid phase is relatively rigid, with definite volume & shape. Atoms that comprise a solid are packed close together and are not compressible. Because all atoms have thermal energy, its atoms do vibrate, however the movement is very small and rapid – undetectable under ordinary conditions. When heat is added, a solid can become a liquid.

7. Solids have a definite SHAPE MASS VOLUME
A substance in a solid phase is relatively rigid, with definite volume & shape. Atoms that comprise a solid are packed close together and are not compressible. Because all atoms have thermal energy, its atoms do vibrate, however the movement is very small and rapid – undetectable under ordinary conditions. When heat is added, a solid can become a liquid.
VOLUME

8. Examples of Solids
A substance in a solid phase is relatively rigid, with definite volume & shape. Atoms that comprise a solid are packed close together and are not compressible. Because all atoms have thermal energy, its atoms do vibrate, however the movement is very small and rapid – undetectable under ordinary conditions. When heat is added, a solid can become a liquid.

9. Liquids: Atoms are packed tightly together
Liquids: Atoms are packed tightly together. (but not as tightly as solids) The atoms have enough room to flow, or slide, past each other.
Liquids have a definite volume, but are able to change their shape by flowing. Liquids are similar to solids, in that their particles touch, however they are not packed as tight – they are able to move around. Since liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container. When heat is added, a liquid becomes a gas.

10. Liquids do NOT have a definite Liquids have a definite SHAPE
MASS
VOLUME
Liquids have a definite volume, but are able to change their shape by flowing. Liquids are similar to solids, in that their particles touch, however they are not packed as tight – they are able to move around. Since liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container. When heat is added, a liquid becomes a gas.
They take up a definite amount of space.

11. Because liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container.
Liquids have a definite volume, but are able to change their shape by flowing. Liquids are similar to solids, in that their particles touch, however they are not packed as tight – they are able to move around. Since liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container. When heat is added, a liquid becomes a gas.

12. Examples of Liquids
Liquids have a definite volume, but are able to change their shape by flowing. Liquids are similar to solids, in that their particles touch, however they are not packed as tight – they are able to move around. Since liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container. When heat is added, a liquid becomes a gas.

13. Gases: Atoms are NOT tightly packed together, and have so much energy they slip past each other quickly.
Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

14. A gas will spread out to fill all the space in whatever container it is in.
Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

15. If unconfined, gases will spread out indefinitely.
Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

16. Gases do NOT have a definite Gases have a definite SHAPE
VOLUME
MASS
Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.
Remember the Theory of Conservation of Matter: Matter cannot be created or destroyed!

17. Examples of Gases
Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

18. Review SOLID LIQUID GAS Definite SHAPE? Definite MASS?
copy into notes
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Definite SHAPE?
Definite MASS?
Definite VOLUME?
YES NO NO
YES
YES
YES NO
YES
YES

19. Review Phase Motion of Particles Speed of Particles Solid Liquid Gas
Particles vibrate in place
Slow
Particles are close, but can slide past one another
Medium
Particles are constantly expanding
Fast

20. What do you think the effect of heat will be on an object’s state of matter?
Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

21. As temperature increases, the energy of motion increases.
Meaning that the atoms move more quickly.
Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

22. Because the atoms move more quickly, most substances expand when heated.
Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

23. Thermal Energy (heat) is what changes a phase of matter
Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

24. Effect of heat on states of matter
When heat is added, a solid becomes a….
liquid
When heat is added, a liquid becomes a….
Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.
gas

25. Most substances can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas depending on temperature.
Argon BOILS at -186 degrees Celsius, so when you hold it at room temperature you can see ALL 3 phases at the same time.