WP2 Bridging the planning-implementation gap in eco- and smart cities Reponsible Institutions: AIT Austrian Institute of Technology/CAS Chinese Academy of Sciences Hans-Martin NEUMANN

Objectives Strategic objective Investigate the gap between strategy development, planning and implementation of eco and smart cities in China and advise by developing guidelines and toolboxes to enable transformative change to overcome implementation barriers Operational objectives Establish a systematic analysis framework to assess and improve long-term and binding strategic urban planning and implementation in China and Europe (1st year) Provide fact-based and tested practical knowledge on the feasibility and acceptance of tools, guidelines and mechanisms to close the gap between strategy development, planning and implementation in China (2nd year) Promote recommendations to policy makers in China about future development of urban strategies and integrative planning processes that lead to real implementation of eco cities and smart cities (3rd year) WP 2

Tasks in WP2 I Bridging the Planning-Implementation Gap in Smart and Eco Cities Task 2.1 Strategic planning for sustainable urban development (Lead AIT, Co-lead CAS, Contributors: CCUD, IOER, EUROCITIES, CAUPD) Task 2.2 Integrative Planning in eco cities and smart cities (Lead AIT, Co-Lead CCUD, Contributors: NTNU, CAS, EUROCITIES, CAUPD) Task 2.3 Mechanisms for implementation, replication and upscaling (Lead ISINNOVA, Co-lead CCUD, Contributors AIT, CAS, EUROCITIES, CAUPD) will identify success factors for sustainable city strategies and practical knowledge for drivers, process design, funding and stakeholder involvement will develop tools for integrated planning with a focus on the integration of technical and non-technical systems will assess mechanism that support the implementation of integrative planning and the replicability and upscaling of project results to the city level Neighbourhood level City level Project level

Tasks in WP2 II Task 2.1 Strategic Planning Task 2.2 Integrative Planning Task 2.3 Implementation, Replication and Upscaling Know (1st year) Task 2.1.1 Task 2.2.1 Task 2.3.1 Identify success factors for strategic planning Identify good practices of integrative planning Identify mechanisms overcoming implementation barriers Transform (2nd year) Task 2.1.2 Task 2.2.2 Task 2.3.2 Transfer ’game changers’ into a practical toolbox Test adopted tools in 1-2 Living Labs in China Develop 1-2 scenarios with cities in China (Living Labs) how integrative planning projects can be performed Test mechanisms for Develop implementation, replication/upscaling with 1-2 Chinese cities (Living Labs) Recom- mend (3 year) Task 2.1.3 Task 2.2.3 Task 2.3.3 Develop a validated evidence-based toolbox to close the planning-implementation gap Translate the validated practical toolbox into understandable policy recommendations

Approach in WP 2 to build the Knowledge Base (Task 2. 1. 2, 2. 2. 1, 2 Actors governance and leadership Activities and innovations Reflexivity and social learning Analytical Framework based on Wolfram (2016) Strategic planning - city level City-Case-Studies Geographical Context Planning – neighbourhood level Strategic city document review Interviews with local stakeholders Implementation project level Planning Model - Planning Tradition Good Practice Case Studies Success Factors

Results Task 2.1.2 Strategic Planning – Success Factors Re-define the role of strategic planning as enabler/mobiliser of ideas to serve as catalyst for transformative capacity maximization (paradigm shift) Obtaining an early commitment from local stakeholders, bottom-up involvement and co-creation between public, private und academic stakeholders in the strategic planning process Presence of stakeholders who are consistently involved in all three phases: strategic, planning and implementation Horizontal and vertical alignment between different sectoral strategies Joint and participative alignment between city strategies (Umbrella Strategy) accompanied by strategic compliance of implementation projects

Results Task 2.2.1 Neighbourhood Planning – Good Practices Early involvement and commitment from private stakeholders, engaged in planning, implementation and financing of different development steps and measures Consistency in communication and stakeholder involvement (stakeholder platform) Breaking-down of strategic goals, ‘translation’ and differentiation on the neighbourhood level and linking to the specific actions by stakeholder group Considering the non-linearity of planning processes Allowing negotiation process in the presence of conflicting interests Strategies linked to specific action plans and budgetary distributions for neighbourhood planning

Results Task 2.3.1 Implementation – Successful Mechanisms Availability of suitable implementation instruments Integrate mechanism that implementation projects must be compliant with neighbourhood planning and strategic planning Allowing bottom-up initiation of projects (vs. top-down) by local stakeholder groups, ‚feeding‘ the implementation of the city-wide strategy Agile project management Creating clear task „ownership” and consistency in the implementation process Considering the non-linearity of implementation process Identify references for establishing a knowledge base framework for Replication and Upscaling Overview of main methods used to foster replication and upscaling activities in EU/China

Challenges Challenges Coping Strategies Different understandings of smart and eco cities from European and Chinese perspective Development of an understanding of smart and eco cities from European and Chinese perspective Development of an understanding of strategic planning“, neighbourhood planning“ and „implementation“ from European and Chinese perspective Glossary and Summary in Report D2.1 Different understandings of „strategic planning“, neighbourhood planning“ and „implementation, upscaling and replication“ in China and Europe Strongly connect strategic planning“, neighbourhood planning“ and „implementation“ in the conceptual and emprical work (Task 2.1.1, 2.2.1, 2.3.1) Development of an analytical framework to operationalise transformative capacity in „strategic planning“, neighbourhood planning“ and „implementation, upscaling and repliction“ Analytical Framework Summary in Report D2.1 Select comparable cities in China and Europe for Case Studies Develop and implement joint selection strategy for case studies 2 Pilot Case Studies are conducted, but approaching cities for interviews is difficult Strongly cooperate with city networks in the project WP 2

Outlook 2nd Year: Generation of Transformative Knowledge Case Studies/Living Labs Methods Step 1 Conduct additional case studies in China and Europe Interviews with cities in Europe and China Step 2 Identify innovation, good practice and success factors to close the planning-implementation gap WP 2 Workshop on innovation, good practice and success factors to close the planning-implementation gap Step 3 Development of a methodology for the estimation of the Replication potential of urban solutions in different contexts (EU-CHINA) Questionnaires to Living Labs cities to collect data Test the methodology Discuss results (Replication Workshop) Step 4 Develop and test measures and instruments (identified from good practice) to address close the planning-implementation gap Use Living Lab Cities and organise workshops or planning games (including roundtable discussions, world café, etc.) WP 2