Physical Properties A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be measured or observed without changing the composition of the material.

Viscosity Viscosity is the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing. High viscosity means a liquid moves slowly. Temperature affects viscosity. As temperature increases, viscosity decreases.

Conductivity Conductivity is the ability of a material to let energy pass through it. High conductivity means that the material allows energy to pass through it easily.

Malleability Malleability describes the ability of a material to be hammered without breaking. High malleability means that the material will not break when hammered.

Melting and Boiling Points Pure substances have a set temperature that they melt at and boil at. The melting and boiling points of materials can be used to purify materials.

Density Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance. Pure materials have a set density. Water has a density of 1.0 g/mL.

Uses of Physical Properties Physical properties can be used to separate mixtures. Two ways to separate mixtures are filtration and distillation.

Filtration Filtration is a process that separates mixtures based on the size of particles. A filter with holes of a certain size is used. As the mixture passes through the holes, particles larger than the holes in the filter are stuck while smaller particles pass through.

Distillation Distillation is a process that separates parts of a solution based on the boiling points of the chemicals in the solution.

Physical Changes Physical Changes affect the physical properties of a substance. The chemical is the same before and after the change Key Verbs: Distill Break Boil Melt Heat

Chemical Property A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.

Flammability / Combustion These are the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen. High flammability means the material will burn easily in the presence of oxygen.

Reactivity Reactivity describes how easily a substance combines chemically with other substances. A highly reactive substance reacts easily with other substances.

Chemical Properties/Change Chemical properties describe how chemicals interact with each other A new chemical is formed

Clues for Chemical Changes Key clues: Change in color Production of a gas (bubbles form) Be careful; boiling is a physical change. Formation of a gas Burning