Bell Work on a slip of paper 1- Name (First and Last) 2- Period 3- Date 4- What is rifling that was discussed in class? 5- What was the “Minie Ball”? 6- True/False – More men died in the Civil War from infection then in battle.
Black Codes Purpose: Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated. Restore pre-emancipation system of race relations. Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].
Sharecropping
Tenancy & the Crop Lien System Furnishing Merchant Tenant Farmer Landowner Loan tools and seed up to 60% interest to tenant farmer to plant spring crop. Farmer also secures food, clothing, and other necessities on credit from merchant until the harvest. Merchant holds “lien” {mortgage} on part of tenant’s future crops as repayment of debt. Plants crop, harvests in autumn. Turns over up to ½ of crop to land owner as payment of rent. Tenant gives remainder of crop to merchant in payment of debt. Rents land to tenant in exchange for ¼ to ½ of tenant farmer’s future crop.
Black & White Political Participation
Blacks in Southern Politics Core voters were black veterans. Blacks were politically unprepared. Blacks could register and vote in states since 1867. The 15th Amendment guaranteed federal voting.
Black Senate & House Delegates
The “Invisible Empire of the South”
The Failure of Federal Enforcement Enforcement Acts of 1870 & 1871 [also known as the KKK Act]. “The Lost Cause.” The rise of the “Bourbons.” Redeemers (prewar Democrats and Union Whigs).
Pony Express Purpose: To provide the fastest mail delivery between St. Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California.
Date: April 3, 1860, to late October 1861. Mechanics: Relay of mail by horses and riders. The Pony Express ran day and night, summer and winter. Riders: 183 men are known to have ridden for the Pony Express during its operation of just over 18 months.
Rider Qualifications: Ad in California newspaper read: "Wanted. Young, skinny, wiry fellows. Not over 18. Must be Expert riders. Willing to risk death daily. Orphans preferred." Most riders were around 20. Youngest was 11. Oldest was mid-40s. Not many were orphans. Usually weighed around 120 pounds. Riders Pay $100 per month. Rider Relay: New riders took over every 75 to 100 miles.
Approximately 165 stations. Horses: 400 horses purchased to stock the Pony Express route. Thoroughbreds, mustangs, pintos, and Morgans were often used.
Speed: Horses traveled an average of 10 miles per hour. Horse Relay: Riders got a fresh horse every 10 to 15 miles.
Trail Length: Almost 2,000 miles. Route: St. Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California. Through the present day states of Kansas, Nebraska, northeast corner of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California.
Departure: Once a week from April 3 to mid-June 1860. Twice a week from mid-June, to late October 1861. Departures were from both the east and the west.
Fastest Delivery: 7 days and 17 hours between telegraph lines. Lincoln's Inaugural Address. Longest Drive: Pony Bob Haslam rode 370 miles (Friday's Station to Smith Creek and back. This is in present-day Nevada.)
Cost of Mail: $5.00 per 1/2 ounce at the beginning. By the end of the Pony Express, the price had dropped to $1.00 per 1/2 ounce.
Schedule: 10 days in summer. 12 to 16 days in winter.
Telegraph Completed: October 24, 1861. Official end of the Pony Express.
Folklore: One mochila lost and one rider killed. Location, date and names have not been verified.
Frank E. Webner
Richard Egan
"Pony Bob" Haslam
Wild Bill Hickcock
Buffalo Bill Cody
Chapter 14 Vocabulary 1- Edwin L. Drake 11- Social Darwinism 2- Bessemer Process 12- John D. Rockefeller 3- Thomas Alva Edison 13- Sherman Antitrust Act 4- Christopher Scholes 14- Samuel Gompers 5- Alexander Graham Bell 15- American Federation of 6- Transcontinental Railroad Labor (AFL) 7- George Pullman 16- Eugene V. Debs 8- Interstate Commerce Act 17- Industrial Workers of 9- Vertical and Horizontal the World (IWW) Integration 18- Mary Harris Jones 10- Andrew Carnegie
Checkerboarding