Essential Question: How do sponges carry out essential functions? Porifera (Sponges) Essential Question: How do sponges carry out essential functions?

Porifera Video Blue World (10 min) Shape of life (15 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8a0oNsDEx8 Shape of life (15 min) http://shapeoflife.org/video/sponges-origins

What is a sponge? Porifera means ‘pore-bearers’ Sponges have tiny openings (pores) all over their bodies Sessile- attached to one spot Have no mouth, gut, tissues, or organ systems Classified as animals because they are multicellular, heterotrophic, have no cell walls, and contains a few specialized cells

Body plan Asymmetrical Body forms a wall around a central cavity Epidermis- Outer layer Collar cells- inner layer whose function is to circulate water through the sponge by using flagella Some sponges have spongin (soft network of protein fibers), others have spicules, while most have both

Feeding Filter feeders Intracellular digestion Amebocytes- non-living jelly-like substance between the epidermis and the collar cells that distribute food and oxygen to the epidermis cells

Respiration, circulation, and excretion As water moves through the body cavity, dissolved oxygen diffuses into the surrounding cells Carbon dioxide and other wastes diffuse into the water and are carried away

Response Don’t have a nervous system However, can protect themselves by producing toxins against potential predators

Sexual Reproduction Most species are hermaphrodites, but don’t self fertilize Internal fertilization Larva are mobile and are carried by the currents before settling is a single spot

Asexual Reproduction Budding- new sponge grows on older sponge and breaks off Produce gemmules in difficult environments due to ability to survive freezing temperatures and droughts Regeneration

Vocab Words and Spongebob Osculum Spicule Archaeocyte Internal Fertilization Larva Gemmule Write 5 reasons why Spongebob Squarepants is not true to nature (ex. Diet, shape, lifestyle, body, etc)