1. Intro to Animals

2. General Characteristics
Multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs
Trends in animal evolution:
Asymmetrical  Radial  Bilateral
Cephalization : sense organs/nerves start to centralize in anterior region

3. Symmetry

4. Symmetry

5. Anatomical Directions

7. To Do’s
Dictionary
Asymmetry, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, cephalization, [the 6 body directions]

8. What did you notice?

9. Porifera

11. Porifera General Characters
“pore-bearers”
Sessile adults
Asymmetrical (sometimes radial)
No specialized gut/organs/systems
DOES have specialized cells

12. Structure
Osculum; spicules; spongin; spongocoel; amoebocyte; colar cells; water flow

13. Sponge Structure
Osculum; spicules; sponging; spongocoel; amoebocyte; colar cells

14. Skeleton (don’t write)
Sponge body is made of interwoven spicules and/or spongin [proteins]
Spicules: hard, pointy fibres
Spongin: soft, flexible fibres
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15. Don’t write!
Water flows through the pores into the central cavity and out of the osculum. Collar cells draw out the food from the water as it flows through the pores.
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16. Spicule Skeleton

17. Structure
Flagellated cells beat & twirl  create water current to & through sponge
Important for many body functions
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18. Body Functions Due to water current through sponge & spongocoel
Feeding: filter feeders [suck in water with algae /microscopic particles; keep food, spit back out water]
Resp/Circ/Excretion: wastes dissolve into water current and swept out; new water brings new oxygen

19. Life History

20. Life History
Asexual: budding or gemmules [Groups of archaeocytes with spicule covering; can survive freezing and drought; in favorable conditions grows into new sponge]

21. To Do’s Q’s [next slide] Life Table – Porifera(?) Dictionary
Asymmetry, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, cephalization, [the 6 body directions]
Filter feeding, sessile, motile

22. To Do’s Q’s [next slide] Life Table – Porifera(?) Dictionary
Filter feeding, sessile, motile

23. Questions How does a sponge move water through its body?
Why is this water movement so important for the sponge?
Describe how a sponge obtains & digests food
When faced with a difficult environment, sponges produce gemmules. How does this help the sponge?
How might the extinction of a sponge species affect other organisms in the area?