Do First Actions: Make sure you grab all 4 sheets of paper Questions: What is mass? What is the unit for mass?

Agenda Matter Notes Matter and Changes Practice

Matter

Properties of matter

Substances Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space Matter with a uniform and unchanging composition is called a pure substance

States of Matter A solid has a definite shape and does not take up the shape of its container. Particles in a solid are tightly packed A liquid takes the shape of its container. Particles in a liquid are not held in place rigidly. A gas takes the shape and volume of its container. Particles in a gas are very far apart.

Physical Properties of Matter A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s make-up Examples include density, color, odor, hardness, melting point & boiling point Extensive physical properties depend on the amount of substance present (ex: mass, volume, length) Intensive physical properties do not depend on the amount of substance present (ex: density)

Chemical Properties of Matter A chemical property is the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

Changes in Matter

Physical Changes A physical change alters a substance without changing its composition Examples include: cutting, grinding, dissolving, changing phases (ex: solid  liquid)

Chemical Changes A chemical change (aka: a chemical reaction) is a change that results in different substances Examples include: burning, rusting, tarnishing, fermenting, exploding, cooking, rotting

Chemical Changes REACTANTS in a chemical rxn are the substances that react (starting substances) PRODUCTS in a chemical rxn are the substances that are formed (ending substances)

Indicators of Chemical Change Change of energy (giving off heat or light) Formation of precipitate (solid formed by two solutions reacting together) Production of gas (bubbles, smell) Change of color (although, this could sometimes be physical)

Mixtures of Matter

Mixtures Remember that pure substances have a uniform and unchanging composition A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties Mixtures can be separated physically Mixtures do not have chemical formulas There are two types of mixtures…

Heterogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures contain substances that do not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct Examples: granite, salad dressing, orange juice with pulp

Homogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous mixtures contain substances that are evenly distributed These are also known as solutions Examples: air, salt water, stainless steel

Atoms, Elements compounds and molecules

An Analogy… Imagine going to an ice cream store. Let's say that they have 30 different flavors of ice cream. The smallest amount of ice cream that the store will sell to you is a scoop. If you want, you can put two or more scoops of the same flavor of ice cream together; or, you can put two or more scoops of different flavors of ice cream together.

Elements Elements are analogous to the different flavors of ice cream An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances Each element has a unique chemical name and symbol YES - YOU MUST LEARN EACH ELEMENT’S NAME AND SYMBOL!

Atom Atoms are analogous to each scoop of ice cream An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element

Molecules Molecules are analogous to an ice cream cone with two or more scoops of ice cream, regardless of the flavors A molecule is composed of more than one atom bonded together The atoms of a molecule can be of the same atom or of different atoms

Compounds Compounds are analogous to an ice cream cone with two or more scoops of ice cream with at least 2 different flavors A compound is made up of atoms of two or more different elements that are combined together chemically

Matter Mixtures Heterogen. Mixtures Homogen. Mixtures Pure Substances Elements Compounds Physical Changes Chemical Changes

Matter and Changes Practice When you are done, come to me and I will stamp your paper You still have a DYL

DYL Is lucky charms a heterogenous or homogenous mixture? Is toasting your bread a physical or chemical change?