Meech Lake Accord, Charlottetown Accord & the 1995 Referendum

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Presentation transcript:

Meech Lake Accord, Charlottetown Accord & the 1995 Referendum

Review Question: Why were Quebec people so unhappy with Canada’s 1982 constitution amendments ?

Brian Mulroney Conservative Prime Minister 1984 – 1993 He won the 1984 election by promising to bring Quebec into the constitution.

Meech Lake Accord (1987) Quebec would be recognized as a “Distinct Society” More power to the provinces Ex. Immigration control & Constitutional veto Opting Out Clause New Amending Formula House/Senate must pass it, plus 2/3 of the provinces with 50% of the population

Read pages 201 & 202 Why did the Meech Lake Accord fail? What was it missing?

Why did it fail? Pierre Trudeau (retired) was very vocal against it. He thought it would isolate Quebec and make them different Many Canadian’s thought it was giving too much power to Quebec First Nations were upset it didn’t contain anything for them Citizens had not been involved in the process Manitoba and Newfoundland withheld their support and the Meech Lake Accord died in 1990

Elijah Harper A Cree NDP member of Manitoba’s Legislature opposed Meech Lake and he made sure it didn’t pass

Impact of the Failure of the Meech Lake Accord Quebec separatism was on the rise Two new federal political parties were formed: Bloc Quebecois (Federal separatist party) Reform Party (western right wing party)

Charlottetown Accord Brian Mulroney tried a second time to bring Quebec into Canada’s constitution This time, he promised to include something for everyone, and citizens would be involved in the process by putting the constitutional amendments to a national referendum

Charlottetown Accord: Distinct Society for Quebec Self-government for First Nations More power for the Provinces Forestry Mining Immigration Opting Out Clause Senate Reform (Triple E Senate) House of Commons reform (Quebec gets ¼)

Was the long term impact? Read pg. 202-203 Why did it fail? Was the long term impact?

National Referendum (1992) 54.5% of Canadians voted NO to the Charlottetown Accord 68.3% of BC citizens voted NO (the highest) Didn’t like Quebec getting ¼ of the House of Commons forever, even if BC passed Quebec in population It had so many clauses, there was something everyone liked and something everyone disliked in it

Impact of the Charlottetown Failure Changes in politics: Mulroney quit as Prime Minister in 1993, and he was replaced by Kim Campbell (1st female PM), and the next election, the Liberal Party won a majority government (Jean Chretien) Parti Quebecois won the provincial election (1994) Lucien Bouchard and his Bloc Quebecois become the Official Opposition Party in the 1993 Federal election 1995 Referendum on full sovereignty for Quebec

1995 Referendum 49.4% of Quebeckers voted “yes” to full sovereignty 50.6% voted “no” Prime Minister Chretien passed the Clarity Bill after the referendum so the Federal Government has more power in the future to approve a clear referendum question This makes future referendums on sovereignty harder