AIM: HOW DID THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION AFFECT IRAN? 1

IRAN HOW DOES THE IDEA OF “INTERDEPENDENCE” CHANGE ON A GLOBAL SCALE AFTER THE COLD WAR? WHY DO YOU THINK THIS CHANGE OCCURS? IRAN 2

3

4

I. IRANIAN REVOLUTION CAUSES 1941: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi rules Iran. Shah’s government became repressive with the use of secret police (SAVAK.) Shah’s implementation of modernizations and westernizations angered conservative Muslims. Shah’s close ties with the U.S. was seen as cause of attempted cultural changes. 5

(THEOCRACY: religious leadership) . B. CHANGES 1. January 16, 1979:Shah was overthrown and revolution leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini declared Iran as a new ISLAMIC REPUBLIC: (THEOCRACY: religious leadership) . 2. Ties with the U.S. were broken, and repressive rule emerged. 6

Iranian Hostage Crisis November 4th 1979 On November 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking more than 60 American hostages. The immediate cause of this action was President Jimmy Carter’s decision to allow Iran’s deposed Shah, a pro-Western autocrat who had been expelled from his country some months before, to come to the United States for cancer treatment. However, the hostage-taking was about more than the Shah’s medical care: it was a dramatic way for the student revolutionaries to declare a break with Iran’s past and an end to American interference in its affairs. It was also a way to raise the intra- and international profile of the revolution’s leader, the anti-American cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The students set their hostages free on January 21, 1981, 444 days after the crisis began and just hours after President Ronald Reagan delivered his inaugural address.

3. Under Khomeini's rule, Sharia(strict Muslim law code) was introduced, Islamic dress code enforced for both men and women. 4. The Iranian educational curriculum was Islamicized. He promised many reforms but died before they were enacted in 1989. 5. 1980-1989 : war between Khomeini’s Islamized Iran and Saddam Hussein’s highly secularized Iraq. 8

c. Modern Iran 1. Oil revenues in Iran: fund its development 2. 21st ct. Iran: Construction of. nuclear weapons

10

11

Aim: How did the desire for oil cause the Gulf War? 12

How important is oil? What happens when the world’s oil runs out? What are the alternatives? Which of these opinion you agree with. Discuss how much truth there is in each one. The price of oil is too high. There is no answer to world demand for oil outstripping supply. Not enough is being done to find alternative energy sources. There will be a huge global economic crisis soon because of soaring oil prices. Oil-producing countries have too much power. Oil is the most important of earth’s resources. Oil companies make too much money and try to squeeze more from consumers. Hurricane Irene shows how fragile the oil industry is. 13

a. Middle East controls two-thirds of the world’s oil reserves. I. OPEC a. Middle East controls two-thirds of the world’s oil reserves. b. 1960: Middle East united with a other oil-exporting countries, and formed OPEC (ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES). c. OPEC members countries have controlled the price of oil since 1960. 14

II. PERSIAN GULF WAR a. 1990: Iraq invaded Kuwait under Saddam Hussein . Iraq wanted to gain control of a greater percentage of the world’s oil reserves. UN and U.S sent forces to drive the Iraqis out of Kuwait. 15

b. Kuwait was liberated and Iraq was subjected to UN monitoring, severe limitations on its military activities and economic sanctions. c. Hussein was known severe violations of human rights, secret police, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare. d. In 2005 Hussein was captured and was executed in December 2006.

17

18

19

b. Construction of terrorist geoups Al Queda, led by Osama Bin Laden . II. TALIBAN AND AL QUEDA a. Taliban (Islamic fundamentalist group) formed in Afghanistan following the fall of the U.S.S.R (Soviet Union). Government imposed strict Shariah Islamic law. b. Construction of terrorist geoups Al Queda, led by Osama Bin Laden . c. Sept. 11 2001: Al Queda operatives attacked the World Trade Center in NYC. d. Al Queda also organized other attacks, and the U.S and UN targeted and removed the Taliban from power. Al Queda & now ISOL in still a major terrorist threat. 20

21

22

23

24

25