1. Middle East History Review

2. 1. Kurds live in Turkey, Iran, Iraq Syria
1. What countries do the Kurds live in? 2. What Part of IRAQ do they live in?
1. Kurds live in Turkey, Iran, Iraq Syria
2. North-eastern region of Iraq

3. 1. Who was saddam Hussein. 2. Why was he significant. 3
1. Who was saddam Hussein? 2. Why was he significant? 3. what was his religion?
1. Leader of Iraq
2. he invaded Iran and Kuwait. He was a dictator. He persecuted is own people (Kurds and Shias). Fought 3 wars (Iran-Iraq war, 1st Persian Gulf War , 2nd Persian Gulf War). In the 2nd Gulf War (post 9/11) accused by USA of having weapons of Mass Destruction (never found).
3. Sunni Muslim

4. What were the results of the Shah’s modernization of Iran?
Equal rights for women
Built up infrastructure
Built schools and universities
WESTERNIZE!!!
BUT….
People put in prison and tortured for speaking out against him
People forced to wear western clothing
Not allowed to wear traditional Muslim clothing

5. Describe the Iran-Iraq war
Who-Iraq, Iran, US, Britain and others
What-Iraq invaded Iran The US backed Iraq. saddam Hussein wanted oil and control of the shat-al-arab. He also wanted to prevent a Shia Muslim uprising from happening in Iraq like it had in Iran.
When
Where- Fought mostly in Iran
Why- The war ended in a stalemate, neither side lost land, they were to share the Shat-al-arab. Hussein remained in power.

6. What caused the Iranian revolution? What was the outcome?
People put in prison and tortured for speaking out against him
People forced to wear western clothing
Not allowed to wear traditional Muslim clothing
Majority of people looking for a religious leader
The shah helped the rich, not the poor
OUTCOME- Shah overthrown-left iran. Ayatollah Khomeini becomes ruler for life- establishes a theocracy-a religious government

7. Describe the first Persian gulf war
Who- Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, USA, Britain (and others- coalition of the willing)
What- saddam Hussein invade Kuwait for oil to get money for debt
When -Aug 1990 – Feb 1991
Where- Iraq invade kuwait, saudi arabia fearful iraq would invade them as well. Coalition of the willing bombs iraq
Why- hussein wants oil to make money do he can pay down debt from iran-iraq war, control kuwait which he feels is land that belongs to iraq
How- iraq surrendered, Husseinstays in power, kuwait gets land back but husssein burns the il fields
Coalition- a group of allies fighting for a common cause

8. Why was it important that Kuwait NOT be invaded by Iraq?
Kuwait Produced over 10% of the worlds oil.
We (USA) did not want Hussein (Iraq) to have more money so he could build up a stronger military.

9. Limited Iraq’s oil sales sanction- limitations for breaking a rule
What sanctions did the United nations place on Iraq after the first Persian gulf war?
Limited Iraq’s oil sales
sanction- limitations for breaking a rule

10. What two reasons caused the United states to be involved in the middle east?
Oil
Fight terrorism

11. Describe the second Persian gulf war
Who- Iraq, USA, Britain
What- USA invades/bombs iraq
When -2003
Where- usa/britain invades/bombs iraq
Why- get saddam hussein out of power, find weapons of mass distruction
How- hussein captured, tried and sentenced to death for war crimes

12. Weapons of mass destruction (biological, chemical or nuclear weapons)
Wmd’s are…
Weapons of mass destruction (biological, chemical or nuclear weapons)

13. Describe the Afghanistan war
Who- Afghanistan (Taliban), al Qaeda, US, Britain, Pakistan & others
What- US invaded Afghanistan
When -2001
Where- us bombs and send troops along with other allies to fight aginst the taliban in afghanistan
Why- to retaliate for 9/11, capture osama bin laden (leader of al-qaeda)
How- war is technically over but we are still in Afghanistan to help establish an Afghani government

14. Who did the US Support during the civil war in Afghanistan during the 1980’s?
The mujahideen (Muslim rebels who fought against the soviets using guerilla warfare tactics)

15. Who are the Taliban? Who are Al-Qaeda? Who leads each group?
Osama bin laden
Disrupt the western world’s economy and lifestyle
Taliban
Ruled Afghanistan from
Group of militant Sunni Muslims

16. What is the relationship between the ottoman empire and World War I?
As a result of world War I, the French and British partitioned the middle east based on natural resources.
They (British and French) ignored ethnic and religious ties that people had to their land
Partition: to break apart

17. The remains of the ottoman empire are now a modern day country
The remains of the ottoman empire are now a modern day country. What is that country?
Turkey!

18. Why is the Sykes-Picot agreement significant?
Britain and France partitioned the ottoman empire/middle east
Ignored ethnic groups
Ignored religious groups
Divided based on natural resources
Causes issues between groups who did not traditionally get along being put together