How do organisms use energy? Chapter 1.4 How do organisms use energy?

What are life processes? Life processes are things an organism must do to stay alive. To be alive, it means that an organism must have all the life processes such as: a. ingestion and digestion b. cellular respiration c. excretion d. transport

a. Ingestion and Digestion Organisms need food. Why??? Because food provides them with nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals). Nutrients- are chemical substances that are needed to carry out life processes (protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals) BUT in order to get food first, organisms need to ingest and digest food.

Ingestion: process of taking in food (plants don’t take in food, animals take in food) Digestion: process of breaking down food so that is can be used by living things (mouth, stomach, intestines)

b. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration: process by which a cell releases energy from food molecules. When sugar molecules are being broken down, they release a lot of energy for a cell (thus the name- cellular respiration). With energy, CO2 and H20 are also produced. Chemical reaction: Oxygen + food-> energy + water + carbon dioxide

c. Excretion Excretion: process of removing wastes Waste has different forms: -food waste (stool or bowel movement; digestive system) -urine (excretory system) -CO2 (respiratory system) -sweat (integumentary system)

d. Transport Transport: process of moving nutrients and wastes in a living thing Once food is broken down, nutrients must be carried to all cells. Waste must be transported out (excreted). The moving of nutrients and waste products through the body is called transport. Transport – circulatory system Removing waste- digestive system, excretory system, respiratory system, integumentary system)

Review Concepts: What are life processes?

What is digestion?

What are byproducts of cellular respiration?

Name two life processes that produce waste products.

What materials are transported inside the organism?

Checking concepts: __________________ are needed for growth and energy. _______________ take in some nutrients from the soil. Taking in food is called ____________. During cellular respiration, sugar molecules are _______________. Two byproducts of _______________are carbon dioxide and water. The moving of waste products and nutrients through an organism is called _____________.