Chapter 8 Framing Systems

Purpose of framing systems – Loads imposed on a structure are transferred to the foundation A) Basic Systems (1) Cast in place reinforced concrete - Economical, fire resistant, durable, flexible from a design standpoint – Problem tensile strength – Cured by reinforcing steel – Cast in place is economical

I. A). (2). Cast in place post tensioned concrete – I.A) (2) Cast in place post tensioned concrete – Easy, versatile, cost effective (3) Pre-cast, pre-stressed concrete Best for use in sensitive environments where cast in place is difficult – However more limited from a design

I. A). (4). Structural steel. Limitless applications – Problems – I. A) (4) Structural steel Limitless applications – Problems – Corrosion/intense heat – Constructs quickly - Isotropic (5) Reinforced masonry Brick and concrete masonry units combined with reinforcing steel and grout – Economical – Much like pre-cast rapidly constructed – Varies in product type, size, color

I. A) (6) Heavy timber Used in smaller buildings – Churches, schools, small stadiums, some residences – High strength to weight, rapid installation – Resistant to fire, susceptible to water and pests connections mechanical not integrated (7) Wood (light framing) Predominant for residential, apartments, condos and small commercial projects – Least expensive, offers variations in design, rapidly assembled – Can be chemically treated for use in basements, outside use. Due to natural product – quality control required weakness – fire, water, pests, mechanical connections

B). Drawings. (1). Material – Choice of architect/engineer B) Drawings (1) Material – Choice of architect/engineer based on cost-benefit analysis during design phase (2) Floor plans – Shows locations, proportions of walls (3) Elevations/Sections – Shows height (4) Most architectural plans show schematics. Details in engineering details

(5). Most plans show – Plan views, elevations, (5) Most plans show – Plan views, elevations, sections and pictorial drawings (6) Line/Symbols – Vary greatly (7) Scale – 1/16”, 1/8”, 1/4” = 1’

Framing System Drawings (1). General to specific (2) Framing System Drawings (1) General to specific (2) Framing systems generally designed by structural engineers for buildings ,civil engineers for bridges and highways (3) Typically follow same arrangements as architectural drawings (4) General plans of whole project followed by individual floors, roof and details – It is in the details where the devil resides!

Drawings Into Work (1). Graphic and text – Review, review, review (2) Drawings Into Work (1) Graphic and text – Review, review, review (2) Job costing – Work breakdown, estimating, managers, chasing information, quality of drawings and specifications (3) Sequence of work to be determined to determine project cost. (See Pg. 153)

Take-off (1). Analysis of drawings/specifications – Take-off (1) Analysis of drawings/specifications – Determine quantity of materials, operations – (Typical table on Pg. 165) (2) Crews, costs, production rates, equipment, task duration – Converted to time and money