Notebook Assignment #1 Urbanization Simulation: From Village to City You will receive 1 large piece of paper to use for this drawing simulation. Follow instructions. Do not worry if you “mess up”. Do your best to follow instructions. There will be 12 rounds. During each round, you will be asked to add something to your drawing. Label at top: NB Assignment #1: Urbanization - From Village to City You will use the front to draw and the back to write as directed.

1 River across the paper (about inch wide and runs across the paper) Round 1 Village Established Draw: 1 River across the paper (about inch wide and runs across the paper) 2 Bridges 4 Roads Draw along the roads: 10 single family homes 1 Church 1 Cemetery 1 Store 1 Pub Select one house to be yours & label it. 2

Round 2 Enclosures Draw: The shared community land used for farms in your town have been bought by a wealthy landowner who has enclosed the area to grow crops on a bigger scale. Draw: A broken-line circle (about size of your fist). Label this area “Enclosed Agricultural Land” Any houses or buildings located in this circle need to be relocated and nothing else may be drawn in this area. 3

Agricultural Revolution Round 3 Agricultural Revolution There has been an “agricultural revolution” as a result of innovations like crop rotation and selective breeding along with new farm machines such as the seed drill. Because of the resulting increases in food production from these innovations, less farmers are needed and more rural people relocate to your village. Now draw: 1 Road 6 Single Family Homes 1 Church 1 Pub 1 Bridge 1 Store 4

Round 4 Textile Revolution Factories come to your village and make it a town. A number of machines are invented that greatly speed up the production of cloth (textiles). These technological developments revolutionize the spinning and weaving of cotton & wool and can spin/weave cloth 100 times faster than what had been done by hand. Some wealthy merchants (Capitalists) pool their money together to buy land and new textile machines to build a factory in your village that is powered by a water wheel. Draw: 1 Factory (next to the river) 1 Capitalist’s Estate (much bigger than single family homes) 5

Impacts of Enclosure & Canal Revolution Round 5 Impacts of Enclosure & Canal Revolution Workers are needed to work in the new factory. Since individual weavers and spinners cannot compete with the speed of the new machines and have lost their land to the enclosure movement, many of these unemployed come to your village to work for at the factory. Draw: 10 Single Family Homes 5 Apartments (Multifamily houses) 1 Store 1 Church 1 Bridge 1 Pub Also, a new development in transportation comes to your village. This innovation can transport 100 times more than what one horse could transport on the road. This innovation is the canal. Canals are man made rivers that significantly reduced the prices of transportation. 2 Canals (must run from river to edge of paper) 6

Prediction On the back of your paper: Write “Prediction” and Briefly explain what you predict will happen to your village in the future. What might be good & bad about the future of your village? 7

Factors of Production (Land, Labor & Capital) Come Together Round 6 Factors of Production (Land, Labor & Capital) Come Together Since the profits from textile factories are enormous, other capitalists start investing their money and more factories are built. These factory owners are called capitalists because they combine the Factors of Production (Land, Labor & Capital) by offering their money (Capital) to finance the buying of raw materials, machines, buildings (Land) and wages to pay the workers (Labor). Draw: 4 New Factories 8

10 Apartments (Multi-family homes) Round 7 Village Becomes a Town Word has reached surrounding villages of the new sources of employment in your factory town. More and more people move to your town. Housing is in great demand and is constructed quickly with little direction. Draw quickly: 5 Single Family Homes 10 Apartments (Multi-family homes) 9

Social Impacts of Industrialization Round 8 Social Impacts of Industrialization Women and children are encouraged to work in factories. Families need the extra money and factory owners like women & child workers because they are paid less. The average workday began at 6 am and ended at 7 pm with only a 30 minute break for lunch. Fewer children attend school since families need their wages to pay bills. After work, mainly male workers stop at pubs to relax, socialize and drink alcohol often to excess because of the stress of and boredom of working in the factories. Draw: 4 Pubs 1 School

Round 9 Transportation Revolution - Steam Engine & Railroads Inventor James Watt introduces the Steam Engine, which is a cheap and convenient source of power to run machines. The steam engine makes it possible for even more factories to be built away from rivers or canals that produce even more goods and transportation of those goods can be faster on newly developed steam powered railroads. The steam engine runs on coal which produces significant amounts of pollution. Draw: 3 Railroads 5 New Factories (with smoke stacks & not near river) 3 Coal Mines (coal mines need to be connected to factories via canals or railroads; if a building is in the way, relocate it.)

5 Apartments (Multi-family Homes) Round 10 Town Becomes a City As wages are higher in towns than in rural areas, the population of workers in town keeps growing making them cities. Many of these newcomers work on the construction of the railroad lines, factories and coal mines. Factories provide money to workers and cheaper products for them to buy so new stores also open in the growing city. Draw: 5 Single Family Homes 5 Apartments (Multi-family Homes) 3 Stores 2 Cemeteries 5 Pubs 1 Church 2 Schools Due to the pressure of urban growth, eliminate one-half of the Enclosed Agricultural Land for new construction

Urban Problems Develop Round 11 Urban Problems Develop Now tens of thousands of people now reside in your city. Soon there is a surplus of workers. Capitalists, wanting to maximize their profits, hire children and women before men because they can perform the similar work for 1/2 to 1/4 the wage of men. Since the children find themselves doing factory work and coal mining, schools lose enrollment. As a result of growing male unemployment, the crime rate begins to soar. Family life is disrupted and alcoholism reaches epidemic proportions. Erase: 1 School Draw: 4 Pubs & 2 Jails 13

Round 12 More Urban Problems Due to a lack of government regulation and an abundant source of desperate workers, the working conditions in factories become very dangerous. Many workers contract deadly lung disease or are injured in factories. Factory owners fire those who complain and replace those who are to sick/injured to work. Coal smoke and factory wastes not only sicken workers, but pollutes the cities air & water Draw: 2 Cemeteries 1 Hospitals Lightly shade in the entire sheet (including river) to illustrate pollution

Village to City: Urbanization Reflection On back, write “Urbanization Reflection” and answer this question: 1) What kind of responses do you think people might try to make to improve quality of life?