Classification The World of Taxonomy.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification The World of Taxonomy

Classification and Taxonomy Classification-grouping of objects or information based on similarities Taxonomy-branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms.

Aristotle’s system Aristotle Greek philosopher Developed the first method of classification Grouped all living things into two groups Plants Animals

Carolus Linnaeus Created a taxonomic system still used today. Linnaeus developed a method of classification based on: Close relationships of organisms Form & structure He grouped all organisms according to a two-part name (binomial nomenclature). The first part of the name is the "generic" grouping or genus. The second part is the "specific" grouping or species.

Species Name Written in italics Genus name capitalized Come from Latin roots Homo sapiens

Species Population of interbreeding organisms capable of producing fertile offspring. Capable of reproducing and offspring (babies) can also reproduce.

Taxonomic Categories All living organisms are classified using categories 1.Species- is the most specific: (sapiens sapiens) 2.Genus-describes the species: (Homo)

Taxonomic Categories Continued 3. Family-taxonomic grouping of closely related genera (genus). (Hominidae) 4. Order-group of related families (Primata) 5. Class-group of related orders (Mammalia)

Taxonomic Categories Continued 6. Phylum: a group of related classes (Chordata) 7. Kingdom: a group of related phylum (Animalia)

Taxonomic Categories Steps in order-Human Kingdom-Animalia Phylum-Chordata (have a backbone) Class-Mammalia Order-Primata (Primates) Family-Hominidae Genus-Homo Species-sapiens sapiens

Taxonomic Categories Kingdom-Animalia Phylum-Chordata Class-Mammalia Order-Primates Family-Hominidae Genus-Pan Species-Pan troglodytes Kingdom-Animalia Phylum-Chordata (have a backbone) Class-Mammalia Order-Primata (Primates) Family-Hominidae Genus-Homo Species-sapiens sapiens

Chimpanzee

How are they classified? Species are classified by: Evolutionary history (shared characteristics) How an organism is born birth or from eggs Behavior patterns How similar organisms act Cellular level (similar cell parts) Ways of obtaining food

6 Kingdoms Eubacteria- “true bacteria” Archaebacteria- “ancient bacteria” Protista-eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi Fungi- eukaryotes, heterotroph, unicellular or multicellular, gain nutrients in a unique way. Plantae- eukaryotic, multicellular plants, mostly autotrophic Animalia-eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophs

Vocabulary Prokaryote Eukaryote Heterotroph Autotroph Unicellular Multicellular

Questions (Table 17-3) Which kingdoms contain organisms with cells that have complex organelles? List 10 questions regarding characters of the different kingdoms.