Hydrosphere: Water Distribution

Think About It… Why is it that the water in your bottle could have been drunk by George Washington? 2

2. The Hydrosphere: An Overview… The hydrosphere is… ALL the water on/in/over Earth’s surface (Groundwater, rivers, lakes, oceans, clouds) http://www.earthview.pair.com/earth300color.jpg

3. The Hydrosphere: An Overview… You must write 2 notes from the video. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=IPWWojtt3kU http://www.earthview.pair.com/earth300color.jpg

4. The Structure of Hydrosphere Oceans— about 97% of water found here. Landmasses— 3% of water found here. 5

5. Of the Freshwater on Earth… 90% is in the form of polar ice caps and glaciers. Alaska’s Glacier Bay http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/

6. Of the Freshwater on Earth… Most of the remaining 10% is groundwater. Alaska’s Glacier Bay http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/

7. Of the Freshwater on Earth… Only a small fraction is in rivers, streams, and lakes. Alaska’s Glacier Bay http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/

8. The World’s Water Supply… Oceans – 97.2% - thousands of years Ice caps and glaciers – 2.15% - tens of thousands of years

9. The World’s Water Supply… Groundwater - .31% - hundreds to thousands of years Lakes - .009% - tens of years

10. The World’s Water Supply… Atmosphere - .001% - nine days! Rivers and streams - .0001% - two weeks

11. The Water Cycle… The Water Cycle… http://www.euwfd.com/html/hydrological_cycle.html

12. Watersheds and Stream Systems… A stream is runoff water that begins to flow more permanently in a channel. 13

13. Watersheds and Stream Systems… A large stream is called a river. The smaller streams that feed into it are called tributaries 14

The Rivers of North Carolina… 15

14. Fresh Water Locations Surface Water What is the difference between a watershed and a river basin? Both terms describe land that drains into a river, stream or lake 16

15. Fresh Water Locations Surface Water River Basin: the term used to describe an area that drains into a large river Watershed: the term used to describe an area that drains into a smaller river or stream 17

North Carolina Watersheds… http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/maps/nc/Watersheds-NC-map.jpg 18

North Carolina River Basins

16. Watersheds The watershed of the Mississippi River is the largest watershed in North America! http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/lmrsbc/index.html 20

Larger river basins are made up of many interconnected watersheds 17. Larger river basins are made up of many interconnected watersheds Example: Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins are made of many small watersheds 21

18. The water in a watershed runs to the lowest point—a river, stream, lake, or ocean 22

19. Rivers What is a river? A large channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope— made of many streams that come together 23

20. Streams What is a stream? A small channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope—made of small gullies 24

A body of water of considerable size contained on a body of land 21. Lakes What is a lake? A body of water of considerable size contained on a body of land 25

22. Groundwater What is groundwater? The water found in cracks and pores in sand, gravel and rocks below the earth’s surface 26

23. Groundwater What is an aquifer? An underground storage area of water made of permeable rock Water has less pollutants because they are filtered out by rocks and soil 27

24. How water moves underground Where does groundwater come from? Precipitation! Precipitation can evaporate, run off the surface or soak into the underground.

25. How water moves underground Where does groundwater come from? Water trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

26. Effects of different materials. What are permeable materials? Materials that are full of tiny, connected air spaces, that water can seep through.

27. Effects of different materials. What are impermeable materials? Materials such as clay and granite that water cannot seep through easily.

28. Water Zones 3 Types of water zones Unsaturated zone Water table

29. Water Zones The unsaturated zone is the layers of soil and rock above the water table that contain some moisture AND air. They are not saturated.

30. Water Zones The top of that saturated zone is called the water table.

31. Water Zones The area of permeable rock or soil that is totally filled with water is called the saturated zone.

Water Zones

32. Groundwater Storage… The depth of the water table varies… …in swampy areas- water table is almost at surface, …in arid regions - water table is far beneath surface Green Swamp, FL

33. Groundwater Storage… If the water table is high, it is more likely to flood. low, it is less likely to flood. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab.gif

34. Groundwater Storage… The water table fluctuates (changes) with the seasons and weather conditions because… it depends on rain to recharge it http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab.gif

35. Wells A water well is a structure created in the ground by digging or drilling accessible groundwater in underground aquifers.

36. Wells An aquifer is where the groundwater is stored underground.

37. Wells The well water is drawn up to the surface by a pump.

38. Other Surface Waters What is a wetland? An area where the water table is at, near or above the land surface long enough during the year to support adapted plant growth 43

39. Other Surface Waters What are the types of wetlands? Swamps, bogs, and marshes Swamp: a wetland dominated by trees Bogs: a wetland dominated by peat moss Marshes: a wetland dominated by grasses 44

Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPWWojtt3kU

The End THE END