Constitutionalism in England – V1 England’s journey to __________________ 1066: King William established feudal system in which he sought advice of ___________ before making laws 1215: King John signs _________________________, recognizing and protecting nobility’s traditional feudal rights 13th through 16th century: power of Parliament was dependent on the relative strength of monarch Even strongest kings required Parliament’s consent to ____________ 1603: Elizabeth Tudor dies without a successor Parliament named Scottish house of _______________ to throne United the crowns of England, Scotland, and Ireland King James I believed in Divine Right of Kings God put him in charge, not ________________________________________ Charles I, James’ successor, __________________________________ 1642-1651: English Civil War over authority, religion Parliamentarians (Roundheads) win, but dictatorship reigns 1660: Monarchy restored, Charles II became king 1668:(The Glorious Revolution) _________________________defeated James II, signed English Bill of Rights Created a constitutional monarchy within England Stated specific powers of Parliament & King (establishing _____________________), stated that all monarchs would be Protestant Coat of Arms of England

Absolutism: response to crisis Some nations found stability by granting increasing ________________ to monarchs __________________: political system where the ruler holds total authority over their subjects _______________________ : The Divine Right of Kings Monarchs were granted power from God, therefore they were responsible only to God To question a king’s power was to question _____________ How did Absolutism bring order to ________________? A single ruler has only one religious belief Acceptance of the legitimacy of authority (divine right) created no need for civil war ________________________ = more money & control to monarch ____________________ of France: The Sun King Absolute monarch of France for 74 years Became pinnacle of monarchial power & style Used extreme wealth to build Versailles, used palace to pacify French nobility & peasants Years of extravagance left France _______________________ King Louis XIV of France

Absolutism Across Europe Powerful Absolutist German States _______________________ emerged as strong military force Austria’s Hapsburgs dynasty defeated Turks, created large central _________________________________ Never became powerful absolutist state because it was comprised of very different cultures Absolutist ___________________ of the Russian Empire Ivan the Terrible crushed ___________________ of nobility Powerful ___________________ dynasty reigns: 1613-1917 Peter the Great wanted to Westernize Russia Looked to incorporate advanced ________________________ _______________________ built as a “window to the West” Remained Russian capital city until fall of czars Built Russia’s ____________________, greatly expanded borders Drafted men for 25 year stints, established navy Required adoption of western dress and customs Forced all men to _____________________________________________ Upper-class women gained more freedom No longer wore veils, could mix socially w/men Peter the Great

Practice Questions: Content and Basic Skills 5. What are the following numbers in Roman Numerals? IV: _____ VIII: _____ IX: _____ XVII: _____ XIV: _____ Match the year with the century it belongs in: 6. 1843: _______ A. 18th Century 7. 1960: _______ B. 19th Century 8. 1711: _______ C. 20th Century 9. 2007: _______ D. 21st Century Which statement best characterizes the changing relationship between Parliament and the King? Parliament enjoyed more power prior to King James I Parliament never had much power compared to the King Parliament had less power before King James I than after Parliament was always more powerful than the King 2. Which statement would King James I agree with the most? I should share power with Parliament, to keep my people happy. My people put me in charge—I will not share power with Parliament. I am elected, and so I serve Parliament. My power comes from the lord; I share power with nobody else. 3. Which of the following ideas does not belong with Absolutism in Europe? Rulers had singular religious beliefs Civil ward could be avoided, because the monarch’s power came from god Mercantilism encouraged monarchs to have relaxed trade policies Mercantilism helped funnel resources and power to the king or queen 4. Peter the Great’s drive to Westernize Russia included which of the following policies? I. Inclusion of new technologies II. Military buildup III. Women’s freedoms were restricted IV. Men adopted Western fashion I, III, and IV C. II and IV I, II, and IV D. II, III, and IV