List the steps of the dogma of DNA Transcription Notes # I can: List the steps of the dogma of DNA Transcribe DNA to RNA

DNA provides the instructions for making proteins DNA provides the instructions for making proteins. The Central Dogma of Biology tells us how proteins are made from DNA instructions. The process of copying DNA’s instructions into RNA is called transcription.

RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a long chain of nucleotides. nucleotides contain ribose sugar (instead of deoxyribose) nitrogen bases: AUCG single-stranded molecule ribose sugar

Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up the ribosome Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries an amino acid to the ribosome and binds to mRNA

DNA is too big…but mRNA is small enough to leave the nucleus! DNA and the instructions it contains is trapped in the nucleus because it is too large to get out. DNA is too big…but mRNA is small enough to leave the nucleus!

DNA’s instructions must be copied into a smaller form: messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is called transcription. RNA polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds in DNA and uses it as a template to create a single strand of mRNA.

mRNA leaves the nucleus with its message and heads for a ribosome.

Base-pairing During Transcription Because RNA has the base uracil (U) instead of the thymine (T) in DNA, it has slightly different base-pairing rules.

T A C G A T T G A A U G C U A A C U Guided Practice What is the RNA message created from the following sequence of DNA? T A C G A T T G A DNA A U G C U A A C U RNA

A A C T G C C T A U U G A C G G A U Guided Practice What is the sequence of mRNA that is made from the following strand of DNA? A A C T G C C T A DNA U U G A C G G A U RNA