Final Exam Review

Unit One. Nature of Science What is science? The _______________ group in an experiment receives the independent variable. The _______________ group in an experiment does not receive the independent variable. A prediction or educated guess based on observation or experiment is called a(n) __________________. A ______________ graph shows parts of a whole A _________________ graph shows relationships between two variables.

Unit Two. Properties of Matter What is matter? ___________ is the movement of water from high concentration to low concentration. ___________ is the movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration. What type of change is: Glass shattering _________________ Aluminum foil crumpling _______________ Water boiling __________________ Wood burning_________________ The process of a solid changing to a liquid is called ______________. The process of a solid changing to a gas is called ______________. The process of a gas changing to a liquid is called ______________. The process of a liquid changing to a gas is called ______________. What are the units for density? What is the formula for density? A solution with a ph of 0-7 is a(n) _________________ A solution with a ph of 7-14 is a(n) _________________ _____________ is the average amount of kinetic energy in the particles of the substance. A _______________ is dissolved in a solvent. Italian dressing is an example of a _________________. A ______________ has a large amount of solute compared to solvent.

Unit Three. Atoms and the PT In an atom, what subatomic particle(s) is found in the nucleus? _______________ In an atom, what subatomic particle(s) is found in the energy levels? _______________ How is the modern periodic table arranged? List the three subatomic particles: ______________ ________________ _______________ What group on the periodic table are good conductors of heat and electricity? What group on the periodic table are semiconductors of heat and electricity? What group on the periodic table are not good conductors of heat and electricity? What group on the periodic table are mostly solids? What group on the periodic table are mostly gases? What family of atoms is found in Group 17? What family of atoms is found in Group 18? What family of atoms is found in Group 1? What family of atoms is found in Group 2? What family of atoms is found in Group 4? The ____________________ is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. The ____________________ is the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. An atom with a different number of electrons than another type of the same atoms is called a(n) _________________. An atom with a different number of neutrons than another type of the same atoms is called a(n) _________________.

Unit Four. Chemical Bonding When electrons are shared unequally what type of covalent bond is formed? ________ When electrons are shared equally what type of covalent bond is formed? ________ When elements form a covalent bond you call the substance a ___________. When elements form an ionic bond you call the substance a ___________. How many dots would you draw for Sodium, if you were drawing a lewis dot structure?

Unit Five. Chemical Reactions What substance is written the left of the arrow in a chemical reaction? What substance is written the right of the arrow in a chemical reaction? What four factors speed up a chemical reaction? What four factors slow down a chemical reaction? What is the law of conservation of mass? Give an example. A combustion reaction has these two products: _____________ and _______________________. Endothermic reactions require __________________.

Unit Six. Motion A change is velocity is called __________. What is the formula for speed? What opposes objects in motion? A car slowing down has a ___________ acceleration. A speed time graph (graphs acceleration) has _________ on the x axis and ______________ on the y axis. A distance time graph (graphs motion) has _________ on the x axis and ______________ on the y axis. What is the law of conservation of momentum? Give an example. __________ resists the change in motion of an object. What is the formula for momentum? Speed is the change is ______________ over time. What is the formula for acceleration?

Unit Seven. Force Bernoulli’s principle states: as the speed of the fluid increases, the pressure __________. What is the unit for Pressure? What is the unit for Force? Newton’s second law is summarized as what formula? Pascal's Principle states that if you apply a force to a closed system the pressure will be the ______________ throughout. State Newton’s third law. A feather falls slower that a brick to the ground because of _______________.

Unit Eight. Energy What type of energy can be stored in a rubber band? Energy that is released as heat is called ___________ energy. What is the law of conservation of energy? Give an example. What is the formula for potential energy? What is the formula for kinetic energy? What is the formula for mechanical energy?

Unit Nine. Work Power and Simple Machines What is the formula for efficiency of a machine? What is the formula for mechanical advantage of a machine? What is the formula for power? What is the formula for work? What is the unit for Power? The rate at which work is done is called __________. A ramp is a type of ____________________ A screw and a wedge are examples of _____________. A machine with two or more simple machine sis called _____________________.

Unit Ten. Waves What type of EM wave has the most energy? What type of EM wave has the least energy? What type of EM wave has the shortest wavelength? What type of EM wave has the longest wavelength? The distance from trough to trough is called ________________. The ______________ is the number of waves that pass by in a second. The part of a longitudinal wave that is close together is called _____________. The part of a longitudinal wave that is far apart is called _____________. __________ are EM waves used for medical images. __________ are EM waves are seen as heat. __________ are EM waves used for radar and cell phones. __________ are EM waves used in chemotherapy. What is the formula for wave speed? When waves bounce off a surface its called ___________. EM waves do not need _______________ to transfer energy. As you increase the amplitude of a mechanical wave, you also increase the ___________. A wave transfers _____________.