1. What did we do this year??

2. Chapter 1 – Intro to Physical Science
Study of matter and energy and the changes they undergo
Measurement
Metric system (SI)
Basic units of mass, length, volume
Water displacement method
Density

3. Chapter 9 - Motion Frame of reference
Speed and velocity are similar, velocity adds direction
Acceleration is any change in velocity: speeding up, slowing down (deceleration), or changing direction
Distance vs time graphs, speed vs time graphs, recognizing how an object is travelling

4. Chapter 10 - Forces SIR Isaac Newton: 3 laws of motion
Inertia: objects don’t move unless you push them (or, moving objects keep moving unless you push them)
F=ma: the harder you push something the faster it goes (or, lighter obejcts are easier to accelerate)
Balanced force pairs, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Unbalanced forces are what cause changes in motion (aka, net force)
Forces can be combined to yield ONE single force

5. Chapter 11 – Forces in fluids
Pressure is force applied to an area P=F/A
3 Principles:
Archimedes: the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the water displaced
Describes floating and sinking
Pascal: pressure on a confined fluid is transmitted equally to all parts
Describes hydraulics, inflated things
Bernoulli: fast moving fluids create low pressure, pressure flows high to low
Describes flight, smoke in chimney
Buoyant force acts upward, against gravity
Deeper you go in a fluid, the more pressure there is

6. Chapter 12a – Work and Power
Work is done when you apply force to move a distance W=Fd
Power is how fast work is done P=W/t
Work is only done if the object moves
Unit of work is Joules (equal to 1 Nm)
Unit of power is Watts (equal to 1 Nm/s)

7. Chapter 12b – Simple Machines
Mechanical advantage is how easy it is to use a machine, or how many times input force is multiplied (MA = Fo/Fi)
Efficiency is how good a machine is at turning input work into output work (Eff = Wo/Wi *100%)
Ideal mechanical advantage ignores friction, is measured with distances
Actual mechanical advantage includes friction, is measured with forces
6 types of simple machines: lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, screw
1-2-3:F-R-E!

8. Chapter 13 - Energy
6 forms of energy: Mechanical, Chemical, Nuclear, Electric, Electromagnetic, Thermal
Energy can be stored: Potential
PE = w*h
Energy can flow: Kinetic
KE = ½ *m*v2
Law of conservation of energy
Energy transformations

9. Chapter 14a – Thermal Energy
Conduction, convection, radiation
Rules of heat flow
Conductors and insulators
Qualities of a good absorber of energy (light can/dark can experiment)

10. Chapter 14b – Uses of Heat Heat engine cycles Combustion
Home heating systems

11. Chapter 15 - Waves
Transverse waves: particles move up and down as the wave moves forward
Longitudinal waves: particles move back and forth as the wave moves forward
Part of a wave: crest, trough, rest position, wavelength, compression, rarefaction
Properties of a wave: speed, frequency, amplitude
Speed = frequency * wavelength
Reflection, refraction, diffraction

12. Chapter 16 & 17 – Sound and Light
Sound is a mechanical wave
Light is an electromagnetic wave
Doppler Effect
Normal range of hearing
Visible light spectrum
Other electromagnetic energies and their uses