Enzyme Activity

Warm-up (10-10-14) What is special about carbon compounds? What are the four main carbon compounds?

Outline for the day Objectives Carbon Compound Review

Objectives To review previous knowledge of carbon compounds and their purposes.

4 Main Carbon Compounds Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates What are they? Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Sugars and starches Can be broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells Major part of plant cell structure Monosaccharides – most basic Glucose Disaccharides Polysaccharides Polymers of monosaccharides

Cellulose vs. Starches and Glycogen Cellulose has different bonding of glucose monomers Starches are made and stored by plants, and can be broken down as source of energy by plant and animal cells Glycogen – made and stored by animals is more highly branched than plant starches

Lipids Nonpolar molecules Fats, oils, cholesterol Contain chains of carbon atoms bonded to oxygen and hydrogen atoms Some can be broken down for energy Some are part of cell structure Fats and oils both contain glycerol bonded to fatty acids Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol – triglycerides

Lipids Saturated Unsaturated Most animal fats Every place that a hydrogen atom can bond to a carbon atom is filled with a hydrogen atom. All single bonds Unsaturated Oils Fewer hydrogen atoms because there is at least one double bond between carbon atoms Double bonds make kinks

Think about it Why would the kinks in the unsaturated fats be important in living organisms? Think about how those molecules fit together.

Proteins Most varied of carbon-based molecules in organisms Polymer made of monomers (amino acids) Molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur 20 different amino acids Our bodies can make 12 Others come from foods Meat, beans, nuts

Amino Acids in Proteins Form peptide bonds Covalent bonds formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid. Through peptide bonds, amino acids are linked into chains called polypeptides A protein is one or more polypeptides Specific sequence of amino acids determines a protein’s structure and function Alpha helix Beta pleated sheet

Nucleic Acids Provide detailed instructions to build proteins Long carbon-based molecules Polymers made up of nucleotides Nucleotide is composed of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen-containing molecule (base) Only have one function – work together to make proteins Two Types DNA = stores the info for putting amino acids together to make proteins RNA = helps to build proteins

Warm-up (10-13-14)

Outline for the day Objectives Carbon Compound Review

Objectives To review previous knowledge of carbon compounds and their purposes.

Warm-up (10-14-14)

Outline for the day Objectives Carbon Compound Review

Objectives To review previous knowledge of carbon compounds and their purposes.