Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 8-1 Energy and Life Photo Credit: ©Stone Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Living things need energy to survive. This energy comes from food. The energy in most food comes from the sun. Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food? Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs-organisms that make their own food Heterotroph-organisms that get their food by consuming other things Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP Energy comes in many forms including light, heat, and electricity. Energy can be stored in chemical compounds, too. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP An important chemical compound that cells use to store and release energy is adenosine triphosphate, abbreviated ATP. ATP is used by all types of cells as their basic energy source. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP ATP consists of: adenine ribose (a 5-carbon sugar) 3 phosphate groups Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups ATP is used by all types of cells as their basic energy source. ATP Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP Storing Energy ADP has two phosphate groups instead of three. A cell can store small amounts of energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP. ATP ADP Energy + Energy Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Partially charged battery Fully charged battery Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP Releasing Energy Energy stored in ATP is released by breaking the chemical bond between the second and third phosphates. 2 Phosphate groups P ADP Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP What is the role of ATP in cellular activities? Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chemical Energy and ATP The energy from ATP is needed for many cellular activities, including active transport across cell membranes, protein synthesis and muscle contraction. ATP’s characteristics make it exceptionally useful as the basic energy source of all cells. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemistry in our bodies Metabolism: the sum of all chemical reactions within an organism We couldn’t live without metabolism! Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemical Reactions are any processes in which chemical changes occur Chemical Equation: a written equation that shows what happens in a chemical reaction 6H2O + 6CO2C6H12O6 + 6O2 Reactants: starting materials Products: ending materials Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 8-1 Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs. heterotrophs. decomposers. consumers. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 8-1 Most autotrophs obtain their energy from chemicals in the environment. sunlight. carbon dioxide in the air. other producers. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 8-1 How is energy released from ATP? A phosphate is added. An adenine is added. A phosphate is removed. A ribose is removed. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall