Frequently used techniques Shakespearean Drama Frequently used techniques

Play Story acted out live, using dialogue and action Shakespearean drama’s have a five act structure with a crisis in Act III that determines the course of the play and whether it the events are tragic or comic.

Tragedy Play that presents serious and important actions, ends unhappily for main character

Comedy A play that ends happily, main character gets what he wants

Dialogue Conversation between characters

Monologue Long speech by a character to others onstage

Soliloquy Speech made by a character alone onstage, speaks to himself or audience

Aside A short speech to another character or audience others don’t hear onstage

Stage Directions Tell actors where to move and how to speak lines Implied stage directions occur where no direct statement of action is made, but are implicit in the lines of dialogue.

Props Items that are portable and actors use onstage

Foil Character whose personality or attitude is in sharp contrast to another

Blank Verse A form of poetry that uses unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter Typically used by high status characters or by low status characters for comic effect. Low status characters typically speak in prose

Iambic Pentameter Lines of 5 unstressed syllables

Allusion Reference to something outside the work that the reader is expected to know

Crisis or Turning Point Moment when a choice made by main characters determine the direction of the action: upward to a happy ending (comedy) or downward to tragedy

Archaic Words Words that have disappeared from common use You vs. Thou

Prologue A speech often spoken in verse delivered to an audience at the beginning of a play by an actor to introduce the subject matter

Epilogue A speech often spoken in verse delivered to an audience at the end of a play by an actor

Antithesis Antithesis is the opposition of words against each other. Shakespeare new that drama must be beset with conflict. Just like good opposed evil Shakespeare’s language was often set against itself. This can be seen in Hamlet’s “To be, or not to be” (III. i. 56).

Pun Pun: Shakespeare loved wordplay, especially puns. And he used them to show a characters wit and intellect. Hamlet uses them more than any other character. From “nay I am too much i’ the sun” (I. ii. 67) when mocking the connection he has with his uncle.